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Warm Up: Put yourself in the shoes of a negotiator at the Treaty of Versailles. What would you have asked from Germany for losing the war? What would you do to punish Germany? Explain. Standard. Objective.

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  1. Warm Up: Put yourself in the shoes of a negotiator at the Treaty of Versailles. What would you have asked from Germany for losing the war? What would you do to punish Germany? Explain. Standard Objective 10.6.1 - Analyze the aims and negotiating roles of world leaders, the terms and influence of the Treaty of Versailles and Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points, and the causes and effects of the United States’srejection of the League of Nations on world politics. Students will be able to use context clues to explain what each of the Big Three wanted and what they ended up getting at the end of the War.

  2. Aftermath of World War 1 • Heavy casualties on both sides • Allied troops suffered 6,766,000 soldiers killed while the Central powers had 3,625,000 soldiers killed in action. • Between both sides had approximately 21 million wounded • Most of Belgium and the eastern part of France lay in ruin. • Many homes, businesses, roads, and telegraph poles led to a long road ahead to recover. • Many put the blame toward Germany for the war.

  3. Before After

  4. Peace talks begin in Paris • Paris Peace Conference • January 18, 1919 – 32 countries from all over the world meet in Paris to discuss how to punish Germany • The “Big Three” • Prime Minister David Lloyd George of Great Britain, Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau of France, and President Woodrow Wilson of the United States • The “Big Three” dominate most of the discussion at the Paris Peace conference, each with their own agenda. • Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando of Italy is sometimes mentioned with the “Big Three” but was often not included in negotiations due to their “association” with Germany

  5. Great Britain wants fair justice • Prime Minister David Lloyd George • Wanted to be fair to Germany, unlike Clemenceau. • Could not come off as “soft” or would be ousted from office • Worried about the spread of fascism and communism to Western Europe (wanted to use Germany as a barrier) • Was the voice of reason between the United States and France • Did want justice from Germany but did not want to seek revenge for what they had done • Vowed to make Germany pay for the damage suffered due to the war • Did not want to destroy the German economy in fear it would collapse • Looked to increase British trade • Looked to increase the size of the British Empire • Wanted to have the strongest navy in the world

  6. France is out for blood • Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau • Wanted revenge on Germany due to the destruction of the eastern part of France • Wanted to “bring Germany to its knees” • Nicknamed “the tiger” due to his ferocity in his demands • Sought to punish Germany as harshly as possible due to the invasion of France and the destruction from the many battles. • Wanted Germany to pay for all of the war and the damages caused to France • Wanted the disarmament of the German military to ensure that France would never be in danger again. • Both the government and the people wanted to punish Germany very harshly

  7. United States tries to solve all problems • President Woodrow Wilson • Presented his “Fourteen Points” to end the war and make the world safe for democracy • Wanted to punish Germany but they also wanted to help Germany rebuild, not seek revenge. • Americans wanted isolationism – where they left Europe alone and only cared about the United States. • Wanted fairness (due to the large German population in the United States) • Wanted Germany to disarm • Pushed strongly for the League of Nations • The idea of ensuring countries have political independence and the borders of the county are agreed upon no matter the size.

  8. Treaty of Versailles • Signed on June 28, 1919 • Where have we seen this date before? • 5 years before, the Archduke Ferdinand was assassinated on this date. • If Germany did not sign the treaty, the Allies would revoke the armistice and resume fighting. • Germany tried to negotiate the treaty, but to no use, the Allies stood firm on their demands and gave Germany an ultimatum, sign or prepare for war.

  9. Territory Changes

  10. Germany loses its colonies • Togoland and Cameroon went to France • Rwanda and Burundi went to Belgium • Germany South Africa was annexed to the rest of South Africa • England takes German East Africa • Portugal takes part of Mozambique • Japan takes territory in China • Anything north of the equator in the Pacific Japan takes, anything south went to Australia (except German Samo which went to New Zealand)

  11. Germany required to disarm • demilitarization- a reduction in a country's ability to wage war by disbanding its armed forces and prohibiting it from acquiring weapons • Germany could only have 100,000 men who sole purpose was to protect Germany. • Could not draft men to their military • Could not have a paramilitary (people who are no associated with the country but fight for them) • Prohibited to buy or sell any form of weapons • Prohibited Germany to have an air force of any type • Was not allowed to produce any planes or plane related material for 6 months • The Navy was limited to 6 large naval ships, 12 torpedo boats, and 6 light cruizers were allowed to secure its ports for defense purposes • The navy was also limited to 15,000 men • Rhineland was to become a demilitarized zone where no weapons or soldiers were allowed to be in this area. • Occupied by the Allies for the next 15 years.

  12. Germany pays back the Allies • Germany forced to pay reparations • money that a country or group pays due to damages • Article 231 • The “War Guilt” Clause • Germany would be forced to admit that they were responsible for starting World War 1. • Force to pay back mostly France and Belgium for the damages caused to their respective countries • Handed a blank cheque to the Allies • The later sum would be approximately 6.6 billion British Pounds. • In reality, Germany pays back approximately 1 billion British Pounds. • This money would be in the form of money or assets, such as war ships, weapons, land, etc. • This would be a large factor in the beginning of World War 2.

  13. League of Nations • Set up the League of Nations • A group of countries which would work together to settle international debates • Goal was to ensure world peace and to prevent future World Wars • Would also police the drug trafficking, labor conditions, arms trade and protection of minorities in Europe.

  14. BRAT – The Main Points of the Treaty of Versailles • B – Blame • Germany to accept blame for the entire war and the reason for the start of the war • R – Reparations • Pay back France and Belgium for the damages caused to their countries. • A – Army • Limited the army size to 100,000, no air force, limited navy with no submarines, set up a DMZ of the Rhineland • T – Territory • Germany loses many of its colonies and conquered territories in Europe returned to Allied countries.

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