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Ch. 14 Section 4

Ch. 14 Section 4. The Power of Kings Mrs. Becknell. 1) The Church united people of different lands 2) Church members believed that following the Church would bring salvation 3) The Church had the power to excommunicate.

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Ch. 14 Section 4

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  1. Ch. 14 Section 4 The Power of Kings Mrs. Becknell Chapter 14.4 The Power of Kings

  2. 1) The Church united people of different lands • 2) Church members believed that following the Church would bring salvation • 3) The Church had the power to excommunicate. 3. (During the Middle ages), why was it important for kings to give up their power over the church? Chapter 14.4 The Power of Kings

  3. In modern-day GERMANY… Chapter 14.4 The Power of Kings

  4. 1. Henry fought with Pope Gregory VII over the power to choose bishops. In the end, Henry invaded Italy and replaced the Pope. Henry was crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. 1. Henry IV of Germany Chapter 14.4 The Power of Kings

  5. 2. Pope Gregory VII • 2. Gregory excommunicated Henry IV, but then forgave him, only to be sent into exile when Henry invaded Italy. Gregory died one year later. Chapter 14.4 The Power of Kings

  6. 4. • As towns and trade grew, towns made money. • Kings supported and protected towns with laws in exchange for money. • Kings then used the money to raise armies which attacked the weakened nobles. 4. Reasons Feudalism Declined: Chapter 14.4 The Power of Kings

  7. 5. End of Feudalism: Because of trade in towns, a new commercial way of life began to overshadow and bring an end to feudalism! Instead of a patchwork of fiefs ruled by many nobles, large areas of Europe became united under a single king. Chapter 14.4 The Power of Kings

  8. 1) As the feudal system declined, so did the nobles’ power • 2) The Crusades weakened the nobles further when many gave up land to raise money and join the Crusades. Many of them died fighting, or had their land taken over while they were gone. 6. Two reasons nobles’ power declined Chapter 14.4 The Power of Kings

  9. 7. A community of people that shares territory, government, language, and culture. 7. Nation Chapter 14.4 The Power of Kings

  10. 6. The process of combining smaller communities into a single nation with a national identity and a national government. 6. What is nation building? Chapter 14.4 The Power of Kings

  11. In modern-day ENGLAND… Chapter 14.4 The Power of Kings

  12. 7. • In 1066, William of Normandy, (Duke from France) conquered England and made it into a NATION • This continued to increase the power of kings 7. Norman Conquest William the Conqueror Chapter 14.4 The Power of Kings

  13. 8. In 1199 John took over as king of England. Find out WHY he is called “BAD KING JOHN” - Read the story & answer the questions on p.18 8. King John Chapter 14.4 The Power of Kings

  14. 8. In 1199 John took over as king of England. He was unliked because he: • * overtaxed the people • * jailed enemies & practiced unfair actions without a trial • * seized church property & objected to bishops that the pope chose • The Pope excommunicated King John and declared that he was no longer king! 8. King John Chapter 14.4 The Power of Kings

  15. King John led England into losing wars and higher taxes. He lost all of his land in the north of France. He also had a disagreement with the Pope. As a result, the Church turned their back to the people of England and John was VERY UNPOPULAR! Many lords renounced their loyalty to King John and forced him to sign the Magna Carta. Chapter 14.4 The Power of Kings

  16. 9. • It established the rights of nobles and lords that not even a king could take away. It paved the way for rule by law. • On June 15, 1215 2,000 nobles gathered & gave King John a list of demands to sign • Now, the King had to ask a council of lords & clergy before raising taxes and jailing anybody 9. The Magna Carta “Great Charter” Chapter 14.4 The Power of Kings

  17. Chapter 14.4 The Power of Kings

  18. Even though King John was made to sign the Magna Carta, he didn’t honor it. • Soon after he signed it, he sent his army through England to burn villages and torture or kill anyone who rebelled against him. • John held onto his power until he died. Bad King John (cont). Chapter 14.4 The Power of Kings

  19. 10. Model Parliament (The legacy of the Magna Carta!) • 10. The council of lords, clergy, and common people who the king consulted. It helped unify England and became a powerful legislature. Parliament remains an important part of England’s government today! Chapter 14.4 The Power of Kings

  20. 11. How did the Magna Carta help unite England? • 11. It gave more power to the Great Council- This later became known as the Model Parliament, which was made up of all types of people. • Now that the people had a say, they were more likely to support their country (and King!) Chapter 14.4 The Power of Kings

  21. In modern-day FRANCE… Chapter 14.4 The Power of Kings

  22. 12. One long series of clashes between England and France from 1337 to 1453. (116 years) 12. Hundred Years’ War: Chapter 14.4 The Power of Kings

  23. 1) England and France argued over who would be the next ruler of France (England wanted King Edward III, the great-great grandson of Eleanor of Aquitaine, while France wanted Philip VI, who was a cousin of the deceased French king, Charles IV). Edward III was the current King of England; if he won, England & France would unite. • 2) Both wanted control of the English Channel • 3)Both wanted to control trade in France and reap its wealth 13. Three causes of the war: Chapter 14.4 The Power of Kings

  24. In 1429, Joan of Arc took control of French forces and helped the French to defeat England at the Battle of Orleans. • This was a key turning point in the Hundred Years War because the French were now inspired and continued to have victories in other battles • Joan, however, was taken prisoner by the English, accused of witchcraft, found guilty, and burned at the stake. 14. Battle of Orleans Chapter 14.4 The Power of Kings

  25. 15. New Weapons were used in the Hundred Years War • Long Bows • Cannons • Armored knights and medieval castles were no match for the new firepower. Foot soldiers became more important, leading to the growth of modern armies. Chapter 14.4 The Power of Kings

  26. 16. Explain four effects of the Hundred Years’ War: 1)New weapons were developed, which increased the importance of soldiers 2) Helped set the modern boundaries for England & France 3) Gave Kings & Parliament more power 4) Inspired feelings of Nationalism, leading to exploration of distant lands for further conquest Chapter 14.4 The Power of Kings

  27. Europe was now becoming a continent of NATIONS These nations,( like England and France), would soon rule much of the world! 17. Growing Power of Kings Chapter 14.4 The Power of Kings

  28. Homework: The Middle Ages: Timeline • Use your textbook, notes, and other sources to find the dates of each event on p. 18 of your packet • Once you have figured out all of the dates, neatly write the events in on the timeline (p. 17) in the correct locations. Include the exact years for each one. • Turn your timeline in on MONDAY for 15 pts  Chapter 14.4 The Power of Kings

  29. Joan of Arc • Because she helped France officially become an independent NATION, Joan of Arc is honored by the French. In fact, she was even named a saint! • Watch the video to find out more about this peasant girl and her achievements. • Complete p. 15 of the packet as you watch! Chapter 14.4 The Power of Kings

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