STANDARD(S): 11.1 Students analyze the significant events in the founding of the nation.

1. STANDARD(S): 11.1 Students analyze the significant events in the founding of the nation. LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT • Identify the long term causes and the immediate circumstances that led to World War I. • Describe the first two years of the war. • Summarize U.S. public opinion about the war. • Explain why the United States entered the war.

2. A BULLDOG ALWAYS Commitment Attitude CARES Respect Encouragement Safety

3. Section 1 World War I Begins As World War I intensifies, the United States is forced to abandon its neutrality. NEXT

4. SECTION 1 World War I Begins Causes of World War I Nationalism • Nationalism—devotion to interests, culture of one’s nation • Nationalism leads to competition, antagonism between nations • Many fear Germany’s growing power in Europe • Various ethnic groups resent domination, want independence • Russia sees self as protector of all Slavic peoples Continued . . . NEXT

7. NATIONALISM • Often nationalism led to rivalries and conflicts between nations • Additionally, various ethnic groups resented domination by others and wanted independence • Russia and Austria-Hungary disagreed over the treatment of Serbs in central Europe Germany was allied with Austria-Hungary while Russia, France and Britain were partners

9. Guided Reading: How did the following help to ignite the war in Europe? 1. Nationalism – encouraged competitiveness and antagonism among nations; made various ethnic groups want to establish independent nations of their own.

10. Chapter 11 Section 1 • A – How did nationalism and imperialism lead to conflict in Europe? • Nationalism and imperialism encouraged each European nation to pursue its own interests and compete for power.

11. SECTION 1 World War I Begins Causes of World War I Imperialism • Germany industrializes, competes with France, Britain for colonies Continued . . . NEXT

12. IMPERIALISM • For many centuries, European nations built empires • Colonies supplied European nations with raw materials and provided markets for manufactured goods • As Germany industrialized it competed directly with France and Britain • Major European countries also competed for land in Africa

15. Guided Reading: How did the following help to ignite the war in Europe? 2. Imperialism – Encouraged competiveness and antagonism among nations

16. SECTION 1 continuedCauses of World War I Militarism • Cost of building, defending empires leads to more military spending • Militarism—development of armed forces, their use in diplomacy • By 1890, Germany has strongest army on European continent - competes with Britain for sea power - leads other powers to join naval arms race NEXT

18. MILITARISM • Empires had to be defended and European nations increased military spending enormously in the late 19th and early 20th century • By 1890 the strongest nation militarily in Europe was Germany • Germany had a strong army and built up a navy to rival England’s fleet • France, Italy, Japan and the United States quickly joined in the naval buildup

19. Battleships were being stockpiled by European nations, Japan and America in the late 19th and early 20th century

20. Guided Reading: How did the following help to ignite the war in Europe? Militarism – Led to military build-ups and a naval arms race.

21. SECTION 1 An Assassination Leads to War Alliances Complicate Conflict • Balkan Peninsula known as “the powder keg of Europe” because: - ethnic rivalries among Balkan peoples - leading powers have economic, political interests • Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria shot by Serbian nationalist • Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia, expects short war • Alliance system pulls one nation after another into war NEXT

22. THE ASSASSINATION GavriloPrincip

23. THE SPARK: AN ASSASSINATION • The Balkan region was considered “the powder keg of Europe” due to competing interests in the area • Russia wanted access to the Mediterranean Sea • Germany wanted a rail link to the Ottoman Empire • Austria-Hungary, which had taken control of Bosnia in 1878, accused Serbia of subverting its rule over Bosnia • Finally, in June of 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne was gunned down by a Serbia radical igniting a diplomatic crisis The Archduke is assassinated in Sarajevo in June 1914

24. SECTION 1 continuedCauses of World War I • Alliance System • Triple Entente or Allies—France, Britain, Russia • Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire are Central Powers • Alliances give security; nations unwilling to tip balance of power NEXT

25. x

26. ALLIANCE SYSTEM • By 1907 there were two major defense alliances in Europe • The Triple Entente, later known as the Allies, consisted of France, Britain, and Russia • The Triple Alliance, later known as the Central Powers, consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy (Soon joined by the Ottoman Empire TRIPLE ENTENTE FRANCE BRITAIN RUSSIA

28. Guided Reading: How did the following help to ignite the war in Europe? 3. Alliances – Committed nations to support one another if attacked.

29. x Domino Effect

30. CAUSES OF THE WAR • Historians have traditionally cited four long-term causes of the First World War • MILITARISM – The growth of nationalism and imperialism led to increased military spending • ALLIANCE SYSTEM – By 1907 Europe was divided into two armed camps • IMPERIALISM– Economic and political control over weaker nations • NATIONALISM – a devotion to the interests and culture of one’s nation

31. B – Why were so many European nations pulled into the conflict? • The alliance system pulled one nation after another into the conflict.

32. Guided Reading: How did the following help to ignite the war in Europe? 5. Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand – Led to Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia, Which automatically brought nations involved in the alliance system.

33. SECTION 1 The Fighting Starts • Early Battles • Germany’s Schlieffen Plan: hold Russia, defeat France, then Russia • German troops sweep through Belgium, cause major refugee crisis • By spring 1915, 2 parallel systems of trenches cross France • “No man’s land”—barren expanse of mud between opposing trenches • Scale of killing horrific, fighting inconclusive • Armies fight to gain only yards of ground in bloody trench warfare NEXT

34. THE FIGHTING BEGINS • The Alliance system pulled one nation after another into the conflict – The Great War had begun • On August 3, 1914, Germany invaded Belgium, following a strategy known as the Schlieffen Plan • This plan called for a quick strike through Belgium to Paris, France • Next, Germany would attack Russia • The plan was designed to prevent a two-front war for Germany The Schliefflen Plan

35. THE WAR BECOMES A STALEMATE • Unable to save Belgium, the Allies retreated to the Marne River in France where they halted the German advance in September of 1914 • Both sides dug in for a long siege • By the spring of 1915, two parallel systems of deep trenches crossed France from Belgium to Switzerland • There were 3 types of trenches; front line, support, and reserve • Between enemy trenches was “no man’s land” – an area pockmarked with shell craters and filled with barbed wire British soldiers standing in mud

36. German Soldiers The conditions in these trenches were horrific; aside from the fear of bombardment, soldiers also had to contend with the mud, flooding and disease associated with living in such a harsh environment.

37. FIRST BATTLE OF THE SOMME • During the First Battle of the Somme - which began July 1, 1916 and lasted until mid-November – the British suffered 60,000 casualties the first day • Final casualties for the First Battle of the Somme totaled 1.2 million, yet only 7 miles of ground was gained • This bloody trench warfare, in which armies fought for mere yards of ground, lasted for three years Gas attacks were common features of trench life and often caused blindness and lung disease

38. 13-25 TRENCH WARFARE Fighting in long interconnected Fox-holes/ ditches

39. TRENCH WARFARE All quiet on the western front.

44. Trench Foot- is a fungal infection caused by standing in cold, wet, and unsanitary trench conditions. It is a severe condition if the skin is blackened and the underlying bone is dead. that severe of a condition could result in the need of amputation. 44

49. Trench Fever which is caused by Lice Excrement is a disease which soldiers got that had the symptoms of the following; headaches, skin rashes, inflamed eyes, and leg pains. The recovery time was usually between five days to several weeks with hospitalization.

50. Trench Fever