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Understanding Islam: Beliefs, Practices, and History of the Muslim Faith

Islam is a monotheistic religion with over one billion followers globally, primarily in the Middle East, Africa, and Southeast Asia. The word "Islam" means "submission to the will of God," and its adherents, known as Muslims, believe in one God called Allah. Founded by the Prophet Muhammad in the 7th century, Islam includes revered figures from Judaism and Christianity, such as Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. Central to Islamic practice are the Five Pillars, guiding faith, prayer, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage to Mecca.

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Understanding Islam: Beliefs, Practices, and History of the Muslim Faith

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  1. ISLAM • Has over ONE BILLION followers • Where? – mostly in MIDDLE EAST, Africa, SE Asia • MONOTHEISTIC – one god • Arabic word for god – ALLAH • The word Islam means “submission to the will of God” • Followers of Islam are called MUSLIMS {“ones who have submitted”} • House of worship – MOSQUE • Religious leaders known as IMAMS

  2. ISLAM • Muslims believe in the prophets of JUDAISM and CHRISTIANITY – accept the teachings of ABRAHAM, MOSES, and JESUS • However view those leaders as preparing the way for the final prophet - MUHAMMAD

  3. MUHAMMAD • 570-632 AD born in city MECCA {located today in Saudi Arabia} • Age of 40 claimed to have revelations from God • Began preaching MONOTHEISTIC beliefs {most in the area were polytheistic} • Revelations later collected and written – QURAN • QURAN is the holy book of Muslims

  4. HIJRAH • Muhammad greeted with HOSTILITY by some • 622 – avoids persecution by escaping to MEDINA (city 200 miles to the north of Mecca) • Journey is called the HIJRAH • Considered a very holy event by Muslims (kept religion alive) • 622 is the first year of the Muslim CALENDAR

  5. Muhammad’s Conquest • While in MEDINA Muhammad attracted more followers • He became a political and military leader as well as a religious leader • 630 – led by 10,000 troops Muhammad captures MECCA • Mecca and the surrounding Arab world converts to Islam • 632 Muhammad dies

  6. FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM • 1. FAITH – believe in one god (ALLAH) and the final prophet (MUHAMMAD) • 2. PRAYER- FIVE times a day facing city of MECCA • 3. ALMS (Charity) – supporting less fortunate • 4. FASTING – Muslims do not eat or drink from sunrise to sunset during the holy month of RAMADAN • 5. PILGRIMAGE – visit the holy city of MECCA at least once in your lifetime (this visit is called the HAJJ)

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