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Ch. 4 Module 4

Ch. 4 Module 4. Sensation and Perception. The five senses. What are the 5 senses? Turn to your partner tell them if one had to be taken away which one would it be? Would you rather loose your hearing or your vision?. Sensation and Perception. Write this down

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Ch. 4 Module 4

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  1. Ch. 4 Module 4 Sensation and Perception

  2. The five senses • What are the 5 senses? • Turn to your partner tell them if one had to be taken away which one would it be? • Would you rather loose your hearing or your vision?

  3. Sensation and Perception • Write this down • Sensation – the process by which our sensory systems (eyes, ears and other organs) and nervous system receive stimuli from our environment • Perception – The process of organizing and interpreting information.

  4. Read pg. 157 • What is the difference between bottom up processing and top down processing?

  5. Top and Bottom • Bottom up – information processing that focuses on the raw material entering through our eyes and ears and other organs. • Top down – information processing that focuses on our expectations and experiences in interpreting incoming sensory information.

  6. Thresholds • A threshold is a boundary or limitation. • Write this down • Absolute threshold – the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus. • Ex. A normal person can see a candle light 30 miles away in total darkness

  7. Difference thresholds • Write this down • Difference Thresholds – just noticable difference that a person can detect between two stimuli. • Ex. How much do the laces on your shoes have to tighten before you notice?

  8. Coke vs Pepsi • Can you tell the difference? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HhEni-ufkf0 • Which example is this of?

  9. Signal detection theory • Write this down • Set of formulas and principles that predict when we will detect the presence of a faint stimuli (signal) amid background stimulation (noise) Detection depends on qualities of the stimulus, environment and person who is detecting.

  10. How is signal detection theory used in modern psychology? • Signal detection theory helps us to understand how we can notice and and correctly interpret a blip on a radar screen. The researcher would notice the nature of the screen, the surronding environment and the person doing the detecting. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xA4oOIfxZLE

  11. 3 important variables to remember • 1. Stimulus variables • How bright is the screen • 2. Environmental • Distracting noise in the room • 3. Organismic • Is the operator properly trained

  12. Sensory adaptation • Read pg. 160. • Define ‘sensory adaptation’ and give some examples of the benefits of sensory adaptation in everyday life.

  13. Sensory adaption • Diminished sensitivity as a result of constant stimulation. • Getting into a cold pool for swimming. At first it’s cold but you get used to it. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=madoDvtKEes&feature=related • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BpKXE2lm4t0 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XUQwFZ_xFdM

  14. What • Do • You • See?

  15. Selective attention • Was the woman in the picture young or old? • Write this down • Selective attention – focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus to the exclusion of others. • You saw either an old or young woman, but not both at the same time.

  16. Try again. • Do you see the • Old and • young woman?

  17. Selective attention • Turn to your partner and tell them a time when you were so caught up in an activity that you missed something obvious.

  18. The eye • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gvozcv8pS3c • When you view an object light rays travel through the cornea, the pupil and the lens. These structures work together to focus the image at the back of the retina. The image is upside down and reversed so your brain right sides it up.

  19. Vision • Read pages 162-163 • Using a diagram, identify the major parts of the visual system, indicating the role each part plays in our ability to see. • See fig. 9.5

  20. Colour vision • Read page 167 – 168 • Describe the following theories of color vision: a) trichromatic color theory and b) opponent-process theory

  21. The Ear • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-_0_suZntks

  22. Sound • Sound waves must travel through air, tissue, bone and fluid before the hair cells in the cochlea generate nerve impulses that the brain can interpret. • Refer to the diagram on pg. 171

  23. Write this down • Read pg. 170 – 171 • Identify the major components of the auditory system and the function of each • Make sure you include all of them on pg. 170 - 171

  24. Where does sound come from • Write this down • When a sound originates from your right it reaches your right ear slightly faster than your left. Your brain calculates the differences to locate the the source of the sound. Sometimes its difficult to tell if a sound is coming directly ahead of you or directly behind you, because sounds reach both ears simultaneously.

  25. Pain • Write this down • Pain is beneficial to humans because it’s how we learn to protect ourselves from environmental dangers.

  26. Taste • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N42c52lCQNc • What are the four tastes?

  27. Read pg. 173- 175 • Differentiate among taste, smell and flavor.

  28. Flavour • Flavour is an interaction of more than just taste and smell. • Ex. Plug your nose when you eat a fruit jelly bean. You should be able to detect sour (citrus) and sweet (sugar) but not the flavour (cherry, lemon so forth)

  29. Touch • Write this down • Four basic touches • Pain • Warmth • Cold • Pressure

  30. Gate control theory of pain • Write this down • Pain messages from the body travel on one set of nerve fibers in the spinal cord. These fibers carrying pain messages contain pain gates which open when we experience pain. Under some coniditions the non pain fibers can close the pain gates. You may have noticed that applying ice to the painful area partially blocks the pain.

  31. Firewalkers • Psychology or physics • Coals are a poor conductor of heat. Move at a brisk pace and you won’t be burned. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7dgpsI1MdQI

  32. Body senses. • Write this down • Kinesthetic sense – the system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts. • Vestibuluar sense – the system for sensing body orientation and balance located in the semiciricular canals of the inner ear.

  33. Ice skating • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SK6KEnxbuJw • Your ability to balance results from the vestibular sense that gets it’s information from the semicircular canals in the inner ear. You feel dizzy when this sense is disrupted. Professional spinners are able to avoid this by training their eyes on the same spot.

  34. A fine balance • Stand on one foot for 30 seconds. • Close your eyes and stand on one foot. • Spin around 5 times, stand on one foot • Close your eyes, spin around 5 times, stand on one foot. Hard to do because your vestibular and visual system work together to maintain balance.

  35. Quiz on pg. 180-182

  36. Answers • MC • 1-B, 2-C, 3-A, 4-D, 5-A, 6-D, • Matching • A-13, B-7, C-3, D-12, E-1, F-4, G-9, H-2, I-5 • Fill in the blank • 8. wave length, amplitude 9. rods, cones, 10. localized, 11. taste, smell

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