1. The Dark Romantic Period(1800-1860) PowerPoint By: Sarah Nick And Cameron

2. Dark Romantic Period • This was around the time of the Civil War, so there were many slaves still in America • The whole United States was almost formed • More and more factories and industries were formed, creating more work, more pollution and a dismal accent to life

3. Types of Dark Romantic Literature • Short Stories such as Minister’s Black Veil by Nathaniel Hawthorne • Folktales such as The Fall of The House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe • Poems such as The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe • Novels such as The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne

4. Edgar Allan Poe-Daddy • Edgar Allan Poe was born January 19, 1809. • His mother died on December 8, 1811. • He was unofficially adopted into the Allan family • The Allan family were tobacco merchants

5. Edgar Allan Poe cont. • Edgar went to school in England AND Richmond. • Registered into University of Virginia on February 14, 1826. He lived in room 13. • He was an active member of the Jefferson Liberty Society • Passed all of his classes the first semester.

6. Edgar Allan Poe cont. • Mr. Allan did not pay him enough money for school, then refused to let him return to school. The yelled, fought and then Poe was kicked out. • Poe went to Boston where he wrote Tamerlane and Other Poems • Today, the book itself costs $200,000

7. Edgar Allan Poe cont. • Edgar enrolled in the U.S. Army on May 26, 1827. He enlisted with the name Edgar A. Perry. He became a Sergeant Major 2 years later. • He discharged from the Army with the help of Mr. Allan, then moved to Baltimore • He lived with his Aunt, living off of money from Mr. Allan sent to him

8. Edgar Allan Poe cont. • He received appoitnment to the military academy in West Point. • Meanwhile, he published his second book in 1829: Al Araaf, Tamerlane and Minor Poems. • After another heated debate with his father, Poe no longer received support money from Mr. Allan and was discharged from the Army.

9. Edgar Allan Poe cont. • After West Point, Poe created a third volume. • It was called Poems by Edgar Allan Poe, Second Edition. • Some of Poe’s prose tales he had been writing showed up in the morning paper.

10. Edgar Allan Poe cont. • In December 1835, Poe began editing the Southern Literary Messenger in Richmond. • Around this time, he married his cousin, Virginia Clemm in Richmond. • Poe received wonderful reviews and became a widely known author in that area.

11. Edgar Allan Poe cont. • Not many people know what exactly happened to Poe after he left his job with the Messenger • He moved to Philadelphia for six years then moved to New York. • His book Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque was published in Philadelphia.

12. Edgar Allan Poe. cont • In 1845, Poe became largely popular through his poem The Raven, which showed up in his last volume.

13. Edgar Allan Poe cont. • In 1846, Poe rented a cottage where he would live out the last three years of his life. • His wife died in 1847 and for two years Poe lived in agony. • Finally, September 7, 1849, Poe died. • No one knows the true cause of death, but there are many different suspicions.

14. Herman Melville • Born August 1, 1819 in New York • Born into family of wealthy merchants and heroes of war. • His parents were Allan Melville and Maria Gansevoort. • Because he was a wealthy merchant, Mr. Melville was able to afford basic necessities for his family. After his death, his family moved to Lansinburg.

15. Herman Melville cont. • In 1835, Melville went to the Albany Classical School for only a year, then moved to Pittfield to work the farm with his uncle • He moved back to New York and then became a cabin boy for a ship on its way to Liverpool, England.

16. Herman Melville cont. • When his ship arrived after visiting England, Melville worked some dreadful jobs until he boarded the whaling ship Acushnet • He returned to the states in 1844 after being in the Navy • Melville began his job as a writer

17. Herman Melville cont. • He wrote two quick novels called Typee and Omoo, both set on Pacific Islands. • As more and people baganto reject his novels, Melville grew more and more depressed. • But, he continued writing creating Redburn in 1849 and White Jacket 1850

18. Herman Melville cont. • Using the money earned from his books, he moved to a farm near Massachusetts. • There he became friends with Nathaniel Hawthorne • Hawthorne influenced him to write his novel Moby Dick

19. Melville • Moby Dick took up much of his time. • Many people did not notice this books individuality because Melville was not very famous. • In !891, Melville died, unappreciated.

20. Nathaniel Hawthorne • Born in Salem, Massachusetts, 1804 • One of his Ancestors was one of the Judges in the Salem Witch Trials which made him embarrassed of his family name • Even though he was not born a Puritan, he still felt the embarrassment of his ancestor’s wrongs

21. Nathaniel Hawthorne cont. • He graduated from Maine’s Bowdoin College in 1825 • He stayed at his mother’s house in Salem and decided to write a novel called Fanshawe • When the book was published anonymously, he burnt most of the copies he could get his hands on out of shame

22. Nathaniel Hawthorne cont. • For the next nine years, Hawthorne worked on his writing skills in a room in his mother’s house in which he call the “Dismal Room” • Soon, he produced the book Twice-Told Tales in1837 • He was renowned as a very creative artist, giving him encouragement to continue his next writing

23. Nathaniel Hawthorne cont. • Nathaniel moved out of his mother’s house and onto a farm called Brook Farm where he stayed for only a small amount of time • In 1842 he married Sophia Peabody and moved to Concord, Massachusetts. • Here he was able to publish a second book, Mosses From an Old Manse in 1846

24. Nathaniel Hawthorne cont. • His daughter, Una, was born in 1846 • He and his new family moved back to Salem • Here he published his greatest novel of all time, The Scarlet Letter in which he received international renown • After this book, he wrote two more: The House of the Seven Gables and The Blithedal Romance

25. Nathaniel Hawthorne cont. • His college friend Franklin Peirce became president. • While Hawthorne was in England, he was named the American Ambassador • Hawthorne died in his sleep in 1846, leaving four unfinished novels

26. Characteristics of Writing • Simile- a figure of speech that makes a direct comparison between two subjects, using either like or as. Ex- “Grew pale whenever it struggled out of her heart, like a serpent from its hole.” The Scarlet Letter • Metaphor- a figure of speech in which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else. Ex- “...which evidently found something congenial in the soil that had early borne the black flower of civilized society, a prison.” The Scarlet Letter • Symbolism- to express emotions by using a pattern of symbols. Ex- Pearl’s name is symbolism that expresses how her mother feels about her. The Scarlet Letter

27. Characteristics of Writing Cont. • Point of View- perspective from which a story is told. Ex- “The Fall of The House of Usher” by Edgar Allan Poe is told by a first-person narrator. • Imagery- The descriptive or figurative language used in literature to create word pictures for the reader. Ex- “The sexton stood on the porch of Milford meetinghouse, pulling busily @ the bell rope. The old people of the village came stooping along the street. Children, with bright faces, tripped merrily beside their parents, or mimicked a graver gait, in the conscious dignity of their Sunday clothes.” The Minister's Black Veil by Nathaniel Hawthorne.

28. High Regard For Inner Feelings and Emotions • Edgar Allan Poe-”Beauty of whatever kind in its supreme development, invariably excites the sensitive soul to tears” • Nathaniel Hawthorne-” What we need for happiness is often close at hand if we know how to seek for it” • Herman Melville-” Truth is in things and not in words”

29. Truth an Happiness Not Always Found in Life • Edgar Allan Poe-” Poetry is the rhythmical creation of beauty in words” • Nathaniel Hawthorne-” Happiness is like a butterfly which, when pursued is always beyond our grasp, but, if you will sit down quietly, may alight upon you” • Herman Melville-” Art is the objectification of feeling”

30. Inner Workings of the Human Psyche • Edgar Allan Poe-”Stupidity is a talent for misconception” “I wish I could write as mysterious as a cat” • Nathaniel Hawthorne-” Mountains are earths decaying monuments” “What other dungeon is so dark as one’s own heart” • Herman Melville-” It is better to fail in originality than to succeed in imitation” “There is nothing namable but that some men will, or undertake to, do it for pay.

31. Dark or Macabre Incidents • Edgar Allan Poe-” The death of a beautiful women, is unquestionably the most poetical topic in the world” • Nathaniel Hawthorne-” Cupid in these latter times has probably laid aside his bow and arrow, and uses fire arms” • Herman Melville-” Where do murderers go, man! Who’s to doom, when the judge himself is dragged to the bar”

32. Torment-Psychological or Physical • Edgar Allan Poe-” I became insane, with long intervals of horrible sanity” • Nathaniel Hawthorne-” There is no good on earth; and sin is but a name. Come devil, for to thee this world given” • Herman Melville-” To be hated cordially, is only a left handed compliment”

33. Human Nature as a Mix of Both Good and Evil • Edgar Allan Poe-” We loved with a love that was more than love” “Science has not yet taught us if madness is or is not the sublimity of the intelligence” • Nathaniel Hawthorne-” Let men tremble to win the hand of a women, unless they win along with it the utmost passion of her heart” “Though we speak nonsense, God will pick out the meaning of it” • Herman Melville-” We cannot live only for ourselves. A thousand fibers connect us with our fellow men” To the last, I grapple with thee, from hells heart I stab at thee, for hates sake I spit my last breath at thee”