Warm up Do you think racism still exists in the w orld today? Why? Why not?

1. Warm up Do you think racism still exists in the world today? Why? Why not?

2. What is Apartheid? A very strict policy in South Africa of separating whites from non-whites and giving special treatment to whites and discriminating against non-whites. Apartheid = “Separateness” The separation of races

3. Early HistoryA Time Line • 1806 – British seize Cape of Good Hope • 1867 – Discovery of Gold • 1886 – Discovery of Diamonds • 1889 – 1902 – The Boer War (African Boer farmers vs British rulers) • 1902 – The beginning of apartheid • 1990’s – The end of apartheid

4. South Africa Twice the size of Texas

5. Population by Race • “Colored” is a term used for mixed black, Malayan, and white descent • Asian population are mainly from Indian

6. “Jo’Burg” TodayJohannesburg Suburb of Jo’Burg

7. LANGUAGES Afrikaans English Ndebele Pedi Sotho Swazi Tsonga Tswana * Venda Xhosa Zulu PROVINCES Eastern Cape Free State Gauteng Kwa Zulu – Natal Limpopo Mpumalanga North-West Northern Cape Western Cape Languages / Provinces

8. World’s Largest Producer… • Gold • Platinum • Chromium • Diamonds

9. HendrikVerwoerd Prime Minister of South Africa from 1958 until his assassination in 1966 “Creator of Apartheid”

10. Policies of Apartheid: • Moved blacks to “separate areas” • 13% of S. Africa’s land = HOMELANDS • The remaining = major mineral areas and cities reserved for the Afrikaan population (whites)

11. Rural vs. Urban • Group Acts of 1950 & 1986 • 1.5 Million Africans were forced from urban areas to rural reservations • 1961 – Pressure from UN caused South Africa to withdraw from UN

12. Homelands • Verwoerd created 9 Black African groups • Each group was called a “homeland” • Black Africans had rights & freedoms inside their homelands • Outside the homelands, they were treated as foreigners • Poor quality land with erosion • Could not support large populations

13. Houses in the “Homelands”.

14. Apartheid No Rights for Non-whites • No right to vote • No ownership of land • No right to move freely • No right to free speech • No right to protest the government

15. Images of Apartheid

16. Images of Apartheid

17. Apartheid separated the whites from the non-whites

22. The Pass Book • Needed special permits to live outside of reservations, but not with family • Lived in “Homelands” - towns (the city’s perimeter) • Curfew regulations • Passbook raids • Failure to meet curfew or have passbook = subject to arrest

25. Resistance and Protests Apartheid is Challenged

26. Nelson Mandela • Nelson Mandela peacefully fought to end apartheid. • He served 27 years in prison for such “treason.” • Thousands of other South African non-whites were imprisoned and executed for their resistance against apartheid.

27. 1960 Sharpeville Massacre • In 1960, during a peaceful protest in the city of Sharpeville, 69 people were killed • This massacre started additional demonstrations and protests against the unfair treatment of non-whites

28. Steve Biko • A young Black leader • Grave in King Williams • Town, South Africa. • Died in prison in 1977. • During the investigation into his death, strong evidence showed that he suffered violent and inhumane treatment during his lock up.

29. 1985 Demonstration • In 1985 an International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination was organized. • The demonstration was held at Langa Township in Uitenhage. • The day commemorates the anniversary of the March 21, 1960 massacre.

30. 1985 Demonstration • The message was simple: “Freedom in Our Lifetime!”

32. 1994 • Homelands ended • Apartheid caused major economic hardships on South Africa • International sanctions • Decreased labor force • Cut investments from countries like U.S.A. • First multiracial election • Nelson Mandela elected president of South Africa (1994 – 1999)

34. South Africa Today • 1994 – The end of Apartheid • Today’s president: Jacob Zuma • Presidents serve 5 year term • Government modeled after U.S.A.