The Effect of Soda on Tooth Enamel

1. The Effect of Soda on Tooth Enamel Combination of suggestions from all of the classes

2. Purpose: To measure the effect of soda on tooth enamel.

3. *Questions How are we going to measure the effect of the soda on the teeth? Change in appearance  pictures Change in mass  weigh * This is not a part of the written lab report, but is a necessary step when planning.

4. Materials • Human teeth • Diet Canada Dry • Regular Canada Dry • Diet Coke • Regular Coke • Scale • Camera • pH meter or strips • Graduated cylinder • Gloves (7th period) • Goggles (7th period) • 5 - 150 mL Beakers and watch glasses (to cover beakers) or • petri dishes with covers (2nd period)

5. Variables Controlled (constants) • Same amount of soda in each sample • Weigh and photograph samples at the same time • Same size and type of containers for all samples • Replace old soda when the teeth are weighed and photographed • No covers on any samples (3rd & 4th periods) • All samples covered (1st, 2nd,5th,7th) • Keep the starting temperatures of the soda the same (start with cold soda)

6. Variables Controlled (constants) • All samples kept in soda for the same lengths of time between measurements • Keep each tooth in the same brand/type of soda for the entire experiment • All samples placed in the same area • All samples stored in the dark • All samples stored at room temperature

7. Variables (cont.) Control Group • Tooth in tap water (in the same size and type of container as the experimental group) • Tooth in bottled drinking water (4th period) • Tooth in distilled water (5th period) Experimental variable(s) • Appearance of teeth  pictures of teeth • Mass change of teeth  mass of teeth • pH of soda pH meter or strips

8. Procedures This is what YOU have to determine! Remember – Every step should be numbered. Every step should be on a separate line.

9. Homework!!! Write out: • Title • Purpose • Materials • Controlled variables • Experimental variable(s) – mass of teeth, appearance of teeth, pH of soda • Control group – tooth (preferably 2) in water • Procedures – • Numbered • Each step on a separate line • Very detailed

10. Procedures – 5th Label 5 beakers with name of the liquid that they will contain – four sodas and one water. Pour 10 mL of the correct liquid into each beaker. Measure and record the pH and temperature of each liquid. Photograph, weigh, and record a tooth. Place the tooth into a beaker. Make sure you know which beaker the tooth was placed in. Repeat steps 4 and 5 until every beaker contains at least one tooth. Cover all of the beakers. Place all of the samples in the same dark area in the classroom. Every day, during the same class period, remove the teeth and dispose of the liquids.

11. Procedures – 4th period Label 5 beakers with the name of a test or control liquid (diet coke, water, etc.) Pour 10 mL of soda into each of the labeled beakers. Pour 10 mL of water into the labeled beaker. Measure and record the pH of each liquid. Photograph, weigh, and record a tooth. Place the tooth into a liquid. Make sure that you record what tooth went into which liquid! Repeat steps 4 – 6 until each liquid contains at least one tooth. Cover all of the beakers. Place all of the beakers in the same dark area of the classroom. The next day, during the same class period, remove a tooth from its liquid. Pour out the liquid.

12. Procedures – 1st period Measure and record the mass of each tooth. DON’T MIX UP THE TEETH! Pour 20 mL of each soda into a separate beaker. Pour 20 mL of water in a separate beaker. Place a tooth into each beaker. Make sure that you know what tooth went into what beaker! Cover all of the beakers with a watch glass or foil. Place all of the beakers in the same dark area of the classroom.

13. Procedures – 2nd 1. Photograph, weigh and record the mass of each tooth. DO NOT MIX UP THE TEETH! 2. Label each beaker the soda names and types (Diet Coke, etc.). 3. Label another beaker “Water – Control Group”. 4. Pour 10 mL of each soda into the labeled beakers. 5. Pour 10 mL of water into its beaker. 6. Measure and record the pH of each liquid with a pH meter or pH strips. 7. Drop a tooth into each beaker. MAKE SURE YOU KNOW WHICH TOOTH WENT INTO WHICH BEAKER! Cover all of the beakers with watch glasses. Place all of the samples in the same area of the classroom, preferably a dark area.

14. Procedures – 3rd period Label 5 beakers (4 for soda and 1 for water) Pour 10 mL of soda or water into the labeled beakers. 3. Measure and record the pH of each liquid using a pH meter or pH strips. Photograph and weigh a tooth. Immediately place into a beaker and record. MAKE SURE YOU KNOW WHAT BEAKER EACH TOOTH GOES INTO! Repeat until all of the liquids contain at least one tooth. 7. Place all of the samples in same area of the classroom, preferably in a dark area. Every day, during the same class period, remove the teeth from the liquids. 9. Measure the pH of the liquids, and then dispose.

15. Procedures – 7th period Label 5 beakers with name of the liquid they will contain. Pour 10 mL of liquid into the matching beaker. Measure and record the pH of each liquid. Photograph, weigh, and record a tooth. Drop tooth into a beaker. MAKE SURE TO RECORD WHERE EACH TOOTH GOES! Repeat steps 4 & 5 until each beaker has at least 1 tooth. Cover each beaker with a watch glass. Place all of the beakers in the same dark area of the classroom. Every day, during the same class period, remove a tooth from its beaker and dispose of the liquid.