1. The Effect of Greenhouse Effect on Marine Ecology IB Group 4-1 2011 Internal Assessment NIS: Rik Aikman, WonwooChoi FIS: Ji-Eun Park, Yumi Nishikawa

2. Table of Contents

3. 1. The Greenhouse Effect • Sun’s light • Visible • Ultraviolet • Absorption & Emission

4. Laboratory Demonstration • Vinegar + Baking Soda  CarbonDioxide • NaHCO3 + CH3COOH CH3COO-Na+ + H2O + CO2 • Hypothesis • If we create an atmosphere of carbon dioxide in the tank with the heat lamps on, then the temperature of the tank will rise because of the greenhouse effect.

5. Laboratory Demonstration • Final Temperature (6 minutes after reaction) • Tank A = +2.3 C • Control = +0.1 C

6. 2. Deep Sea Sequestering Storing CO2 in the sea Less CO2 in the atmosphere Acidifies the Ocean Dangerous for marine life

7. Acidification of sea water Lab • Aim: State the pH sea, and compare the results of the pH values of the variety of waters with those affected by CO2. • This is to show how CO2 affects the pH scale of seawater. • Seawater is slightly alkaline, therefore we will start out with a blue color shown by the pH indicator.

8. Acidification of seawater

9. Results • The seawater becomes lighter. • Indicating that the seawater becomes more acidic if CO2 is added.

10. Effects on marine life • The dissolution of carbon dioxide in sea water makes it more acidic. • decrease in a very important form of inorganic carbon: the carbonate ion (CO32-). • Numerous marine organisms such as corals, etc rely on carbonate ions to form their calcareous shells or skeletons in a process known as calcification. • The concentration of carbonate ions in the ocean largely determines whether there is dissolution or precipitation of aragonite and calcite, the two natural polymorphs of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), secreted in the form of shells or skeletons by these organisms. • Today, surface waters are supersaturated with respect to aragonite and calcite, meaning that carbonate ions are abundant. • This super saturation is also essential to keep these structures intact. Existing shells and skeletons might dissolve if pH reaches lower values, and the oceans turn corrosive for these organisms.

11. 3. Offshore Wind Farm 1 Electricity Generation • Faraday’s law of induction • Induced Current • The current obtained due to the relative motion between the coil and the magnet

12. Wind Energy Electricity Generation • Kinetic energy  mechanical energy  electrical energy • Bernoulli’s principle • Magnetic rotor and copper wire Diagram of a wind energy generator

13. 4. Offshore Wind Farm 2The Ecological Ramifications of Wind Energy Although wind energy benefits us, it distracts marine animals vibration- vibration cause water movement, which gives distraction to fish, and its noise can disturb marine mammals’ vocal communication Electromagnetic field- the field distracts fish that are relying on geomagnetic field when moving As a result, marine animals migrate to different area or modify their behavior.

14. Experiment Aim: To make improvements in offshore wind farm from disturbing fish and its environment regarding effect of vibration and electromagnetic field. Procedure: • Simulate offshore wind farm • Make a large fish tank • Use electric fan as a wind turbine

15. Lab Design

16. Result • Result: • Control: no materials • Solution 1: planting water plantnear the fan • Solution 2: netting around the fan • Solution 3: covering base of the fan with gravel