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Dian-Fu Chang, Professor Tamkang University, New Taipei City

Invited Plenary Speech, CAMAN 2012, Wuhan, China Recent Trends of Higher Education and Challenges for Management. Dian-Fu Chang, Professor Tamkang University, New Taipei City. Contents. 2. New Challenges in the 21 st Century. 1. Trends of Higher Education. 4. 5.

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Dian-Fu Chang, Professor Tamkang University, New Taipei City

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  1. Invited Plenary Speech, CAMAN 2012, Wuhan, ChinaRecent Trends of Higher Education and Challenges for Management Dian-Fu Chang, Professor Tamkang University, New Taipei City

  2. Contents 2 New Challenges in the 21st Century 1 Trends of Higher Education 4 5 Examples of Related Studies Knowledge Production Models of Higher Education Management 3

  3. 1. Trends of Higher Education • Contemporary higher education has been influenced by two mega-trends—globalization andmassification

  4. In the twenty-first century, globalization has had a substantial impact on all of higher education, and simultaneously, massification has influenced the globalized academic environment.

  5. According to UNESCO data, 165 million students participated in formal tertiary education worldwide in 2009; this is an increase of 65 million students since 2000 and a growth of 65% (UNESCO Institute for Statistics 2011). • Globally, the increase in the number of foreign students can be contrasted to the rise in tertiary enrolment.

  6. Most countries currently view international academic mobility and educational exchange as critical components for sharing knowledge, building intellectual capital, and remaining competitive in a globalizing world.

  7. In the United States alone, higher education is the fifth largest service export sector, with in-bound international students contributing US$17.7 billion to the economy each year (Bhandari & Chow 2009).

  8. 2. New Challenges in the 21st Century Egalitarianism: Equality • Access to higher education • Standardization of curriculum/degree • Teaching-focused • Massification • Privatization • Governance & Accountability • Mobility of faculty and students • Rankings, world-class university Globalization Elitism: Excellence Internationalization • Quality of higher education • Knowledge production • Research-focused Source: Jung Cheol Shin & Grant Harman(2009). New challenges for higher education: global and Asia-Pacific perspectives. Asia Pacific Educ. Rev. 10:1-13.

  9. 2. 1 Challenges: Massification Tertiary enrollment Source: World Bank edstats data query, OECD Stat Extracts.

  10. 2.2 Challenges: Privatization Enrollment at Private Institution Source: OECD Stat Extracts.

  11. 2.2 Challenges: Privatization Governmental Expenditure for Tertiary Education(%) Source: OECD Stat Extracts.

  12. 2.3 Challenges: Internationalization Proportion of International students (%)

  13. 2.4 Challenges: WCU & Global Ranking WCU by Language Source: The Times ranking homepage.

  14. 3. Models of Higher Education Management Teaching and Research Systems Educa-tion Resea-rch Research Education & Research Education dual system integrated system graduate & undergraduate

  15. 3.1 Locus of Higher Education Management State, University Managers and Professors State Univ. Manager Professor Continental Europe British America (Clark, 1983)

  16. State QA Funding HEIs 3.2 HE Systems: Quality Assurance & Funding Policy Management and University Relationships

  17. 700000 600000 500000 Total HE Budget HE Budget 400000 Formula-base 300000 Evaluation-based 200000 100000 0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 1991 1992 1993 1990 1989 2004 Year 3.3 Change of Budget Mechanism Notes: a) Unit: Million Korean Won. b) Total budget is based on the Education Budget (from 1989 to 2004) c) Formula-based budget is the total of conventional budget and the evaluation-based budget is the total of 11 funding projects that are designed to allocate budget based on institutional evaluation. d) Sources: Annual Education Budget (Korean Ministry of Education, 1989-2005)

  18. 4. Knowledge Production Worldwide Total Publication Source: US National Science Board, 2010

  19. 4.1 Knowledge Production: Share of Publication by Country (%) Source: US National Science Board, 2010

  20. 4.2 Knowledge Production: Growth Rate of Publication (from 1995) Source: US National Science Board, 2010

  21. 5. Examples of Study • In the United Kingdom and the United States, research and teaching quality ratings have influenced government funding for individual higher education institutions (Patrick & Stanley, 1998). • Meanwhile, the Ministry of Education in Taiwan has since 2005 promoted the “Teaching Excellence Project”, aimed at improving university teaching quality driven by a funding reward system.

  22. 5.1 Teaching Quality Assessment • We used SEM (structural equation model) analysis to test university teaching quality assessment model. • The five indicators, including resources, curriculum, teachers, counseling, and satisfaction with teaching, have a significant positive correlation with teaching quality

  23. Findings: • 1. Teaching quality questioned after expansion in quantity of higher education; • 2. The teaching quality at universities did not meet student expectations. • 3. It needs assess university teaching quality regularly using the teaching quality assessment model.

  24. 5.2 Time Management for College Students

  25. Fuzzy means, Defuzzification, and Distance of fuzzy interval numbers d(χ1, χ2)= +

  26. Triangular fuzzy numbers

  27. 5.3 Fuzzy measure study abroad and… • We applied the fuzzy measurement to collect the college students’ perceptions of their • campus life and their intention to stay at • domestic campus or study abroad. • This study used the self-designed fuzzy • questionnaireto collect the data from 289 • college students in Taiwan.

  28. An example of the self-designed fuzzy questionnaire:

  29. The results revealed that fuzzy statistics can be applied to tackle ambiguity questions in different fields. • The fuzzy correlation provides more detail information to interpret what students have done and what they intent to do.

  30. Study abroad by gender difference

  31. Idea of fuzzy correlation

  32. Testing of Fuzzy correlation

  33. 5.4 Fuzzy evaluating management performance and marketing strategies

  34. Fuzzy evaluating management performance

  35. TQM in Higher Education • The challenges: • Customer driven • Data-intensive • Result-oriented

  36. Thanks Dian-Fu Chang

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