Components

1. Components • Esophagus • Stomach • Small Intestine • Large Intestine • Gall bladder • Liver • Pancreas

2. Functions of Digestive System • Breaks down food into molecules the body can use. • Molecules (glucose) are absorbed into the blood and carried throughout the body. • Wastes are eliminated from the body through urine and feces.

3. How is food digested? Digestion involves: • Breaking down of food into smaller pieces • The mixing of food • Movement through the digestive tract • Chemical breakdown of the large molecules of food into smaller molecules.

4. 2 kinds of Digestion Mechanical Digstion - Foods are physically broken down into smaller pieces Ex. Biting into a sandwich and breaking it into smaller pieces. Chemical Digestion- chemicals such a enzymes produced by the body break foods into smaller chemical building blocks. Ex: The starch in bread is broken down into individual sugar molecules. Both mechanical and chemical Digestion begins in mouth.

5. Describe the digestive system • The digestive tract is a series of hollow organs joined in a tube from the mouth to the anus. Food passes through the digestive tract. • Accessory organs include the liver, gall bladder, and pancreas. Foods do not pass through these organs.

6. Absorption and Elimination Nutrients pass through the walls of your digestive system into your blood. Materials that are NOT absorbed, such as fiber, are eliminated from the body as wastes.

7. Identify the organs of the digestive system

8. Identify and tell the function of each part of the digestive system Mouth • Teeth bite off and chew food into a soft pulp that is easy to swallow. • Chewing mixes the food with saliva, from salivary glands around the mouth and face, to make it moist and easy to swallow.

9. Identify and tell the function of each part of the digestive system Mouth • Enzymes in the saliva begin digestion of carbohydrates.

10. Identify and tell the function of each part of the digestive system Esophagus • The esophagus is a muscular tube. It takes food from the throat and pushes it down through the neck, and into the stomach. • It moves food by waves of muscle contraction called peristalsis.

11. Esophagus Stomach

12. Identify and tell the function of each part of the digestive system Stomach • The stomach has thick muscles in its wall. These contract to mash the food into a water soup called chyme. • The stomach lining produces strong digestive juices that contains the pepsin enzyme. • Most mechanical digestion and some chemical digestion occurs in stomach

13. Identify and tell the function of each part of the digestive system Stomach • These create chemical reactions in the stomach, breaking down and dissolving its nutrients. • Stomach contains a HCL, a strong acid, that aids in breaking down proteins into amino acids.

14. Identify and tell the function of each part of the digestive system Small Intestine • This part of the digestive tract is narrow, but very long - about 20 feet. • Enzymes continue the chemical reactions on the food.

15. Identify and tell the function of each part of the digestive system Small Intestine • The nutrients are broken down small enough to pass through the lining of the small intestine, and into the blood (diffusion). • Nutrients are carried away to the liver and other body parts to be processed, stored and distributed.

16. Identify and tell the function of each part of the digestive system Large Intestine • Useful substances that were not absorbed in the small intestine, such as spare water and body minerals, are absorbed through the walls of the large intestine, back into the blood.

17. Identify and tell the function of each part of the digestive system Large Intestine • The remains are formed into brown, semi-solid feces, ready to be removed from the body

18. Identify and tell the function of each part of the digestive system

19. Identify and tell the function of each part of the digestive system Rectum and Anus • The end of the large intestine and the next part of the tract, the rectum, store the feces. • Feces are finally squeezed through a ring of muscle, the anus, and out of the body.

20. Identify and tell the function of each part of the digestive system Pancreas • The pancreas, like the stomach, makes digestive juices called enzymes which help to digest food further as it enters the small intestines.

21. Identify and tell the function of each part of the digestive system Gall Bladder • A small baglike part under the liver. • It stores a fluid called bile, which is made in the liver.

22. Identify and tell the function of each part of the digestive system Liver- produces bile to breaks up fats • Blood from the intestines enters to the liver, carrying nutrients, vitamins and minerals, and other products from digestion.

23. Identify and tell the function of each part of the digestive system Liver- largest organ inside of the body • The liver is like a food-processing factory with more than 200 different jobs. It stores some nutrients, changes them from one form to another, and releases them into the blood according to the activities and needs of the body.

24. Liver

25. Identify and tell the function of each part of the digestive system Gall Bladder • As food from a meal enters the small intestine, bile flows from the gall bladder along the bile duct into the intestine. • It helps to digest fatty foods and also contains wastes for removal.

26. Gall Bladder

27. Gall Bladder • Storage tank for bile (a greenish-yellow liquid) that helps your body break down and use fats • Located under your liver • Shaped like a pear

28. Pancreas • Helps you digest food by breaking down sugars • Produces enzymes that flow into small intestines to break down starches, proteins, and fats

29. Small Intestine

30. Small Intestine • Tube that is 20 feet long. • Most chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients takes place here. • Food stays in your small intestine for 4 to 8 hours

31. Large Intestine • Tube that is 1.5 meters long.; colon is a part of large intestine. • Gets waste from small intestine; water is absorbed into the blood stream. • The remaining material is readied for elimination though the rectum and out the anus. • Waste stays for 10 to 12 hours

32. Large Intestine