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INTRODUCTION TO OPERATIVE DENTISTRY

INTRODUCTION TO OPERATIVE DENTISTRY. DEFINITION.

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INTRODUCTION TO OPERATIVE DENTISTRY

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  1. INTRODUCTION TO OPERATIVE DENTISTRY

  2. DEFINITION • “The art and science of the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of defects of teeth that do not require full coverage restorations for correction. Such treatment should result in the restoration of proper tooth form, function and esthetics while maintaining the physiologic integrity of the teeth in harmonious relationship with the adjacent hard and soft tissues, all of which should enhance the general health and welfare of the patient”

  3. indication • The indications for operative procedures include various conditions causing defects in the tooth structure..they are • Caries • Tooth wear • Traumatic injuries • Malformed tooth • Discolored tooth • Nonesthetic and fractured teeth

  4. Scope of operative dentistry • Material science: understanding the chemistry and limitations of various restorative materials and learning the techniques for employing them. • Properties of tooth structure: knowledge of the biologic basis and function of enamel, dentin, pulp and their supporting structures.

  5. Pulp physiology and pathology: maintaining the vitality of dental pulp and to prevent pulpal pathology. • Examination diagnosis and treatment planing: thorough examination of the affected tooth and evaluation of the oral and systemic health of the patient, accurate diagnosis of the patients dental problem and providing an optimum treatment plan.

  6. Sterilization and asepsis: proper infection control in the dental operatory to safeguard both the dentist and the patient against transmission of diseases. • Occlusion: clear understanding of occlusal relationships and the role of occlusion in restorative dentistry so as to provide acceptable occlusion in restorations.

  7. Management of pain and anxiety: control of pain and anxiety and providing comfort to the patient during most operative procedures. • Preventive care: emphasis on the prevention and motivating the patient to improve home care. • Restorative procedures: correctly designing the tooth preparation taking into consideration the properties of the tooth structure and the nature of the restorative materials

  8. nomenclature

  9. Human dentition includes : total of 52 teeth.. • 20: primary • 32: permanent. • For performing conservative procedures, it is necessary to employ an easy means of identifying the individual teeth.

  10. For easy communication purposes different tooth numbering systems are developed. • Zsigmondy / palmer system • American dental association system • Federation dentaire internationale system

  11. TOOTH NUMBERING SYSTEM • Zsigmondy / Palmer System: in order to denote specific tooth, the quadrant grid is combined with the tooth number in reference to midline. 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

  12. Deciduous teeth are denoted by alphabets A to E starting from midline and proceeding to posterior region. • A—central incisor • E—second molar. • Permanent teeth are identified by numbers 1 to 8. • 1—central incisor • 8—third molar

  13. Universal system ADA system. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 17 18 17

  14. FDI system : Two digit system. • 2 digits are used to identify each tooth. • First digit denotes the quadrant to which tooth belongs. • 2nd digit represents the tooth. • Right left 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48

  15. Nomenclature related to various surfaces of teeth • FACIAL SURFACE • LINGUAL SURFACE • PALATAL SURFACE • MESIAL SURFACE • DISTAL SURFACE • INCISAL SURFACE • OCCLUSAL SURFACE

  16. NOMENCLATURE RELATED TO CAVITY PREPARATION CAVITY: Refers to a defect in enamel or in both enamel and dentin, subsequent to the destruction caused by dental caries CAVITY PREPARATION: Mechanical alteration of a defective, injured or diseased tooth to best receive a restorative material that will reestablish a healthy state for the tooth, including esthetic corrections where indicated, along with normal form and function

  17. SIMPLE CAVITY COMPOUND CAVITY COMPLEX CAVTY

  18. DIFFERENT WALLS OF THE CAVITY WALL: Any surface of the cavity is referred ao as a wall INTERNAL WALL: Surface of the prepared cavity that does not extend to the exterior of the tooth EXTERNAL WALL: Surface of the prepared cavity that extends to the exterior of the tooth ENAMEL WALL: Portion of the cavity wall which is composed of enamel DENTINAL WALL: Portion of the cavity wall which is composed of dentin

  19. Internal Wall • Prepared surface that does not extend to the external tooth surface

  20. Axial wall. • An internal wall parallel with the long axis of the tooth

  21. Pulpal wall. • An internal wall that is perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth and occlusal of the pulp

  22. External Wall. • A prepared surface that extends to the external tooth surface. • The wall takes the name of the tooth surface that the wall is toward

  23. Floor (or Seat). • A prepared wall that is reasonably flat and perpendicular to those occlusal forces that are directed occlusogingivally. • Ex: pulpal and gingival walls

  24. Enamel Wall. • The enamel wall is that portion of a prepared external wall consisting of enamel

  25. Dentinal Wall. • That portion of a prepared external wall consisting of dentin, in which mechanical retention features may be located

  26. Various angles in a cavity preparation ANGLE: Junction of two or more surfaces of a prepared cavity LINE ANGLE: Angle formed at the junction of two adjoining walls POINT ANGLE; Angle formed at the junction of three adjoining walls AXIAL LINE ANGLE: Any line angle parallel to the long axis of the tooth PULPAL LINE ANGLE: Any line angle horizontal to the long axis of the tooth CAVOSURFACE ANGLE: Angle formed at the junction of the cavity wall and the unprepared tooth surface df

  27. Cavosurface Angle and Cavosurface Margin. • The cavosurfaceangle is the angle of tooth structure formed by the junction of a prepared wall and the external surface of the tooth • The actual junction is referred to as the cavosurfacemargin

  28. CLASSIFICATION OF CAVITY According to G. V. Black • Class – I • Class – II • Class – III • Class – IV • Class – V • Class - VI

  29. Class I : • All pit-and-fissure restorations • Restorations on Occlusal Surface of Premolars and Molars • Restorations on Occlusal Two Thirds of the Facial and Lingual Surfaces of Molars • Restorations on Lingual Surface of Maxillary Incisors.

  30. Class II • Restorations on the proximal surfaces of posterior teeth

  31. Class III. • Restorations on the proximal surfaces of anterior teeth that do notinvolve the incisal angle

  32. Class IV. • Restorations on the proximal surfaces of anterior teeth which involve the incisal edge

  33. Class V. • Restorations on the gingival third of the facial or lingual surfaces of all teeth • except pit-and-fissure lesions

  34. Class VI. • Restorations on the incisal edge of anterior teeth or the occlusal cusp heights of posterior teeth

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