1. DSM 2309 INTERNATIONAL SHIPBROKING AND CHARTERING TACTICS LECTURER: UMI AZZIEZAHARA BINTI OMAR EMAIL: umi@nmit.edu.my

2. LEARNING OUTCOME • Define the international shipbroking and chartering practices concept • Recognise the issues and challenges encountered in international shipbroking and chartering practices • Adopt and adapt the international shipbroking and chartering practice discipline • Apply the international shipbroking and chartering practices in an integrated form reflectingbusiness practices.

3. TOPICS COVERED

4. ASSESSMENT • QUIZ 10% • TEST 15% • ASSIGNMENT 25% • FINAL EXAMINATION 50% TOTAL 100% 50:50 ATTENDANCE >80%

5. MARKET PLAYERS in shipping • Shipowners • Charterers • Shipbrokers • Ship operator • Sale & purchase broking • Ship management • Liner agents • Dry cargo chartering • Tanker chartering • Port agency

6. SHIPOWNER • Most but by no means all ships areowned by companies. Some may own just a few shipswhilst others may have very large fleets. Some shipowners,especially those with small fleets or institutions whohave bought ships as a speculative investment, employship managers to manage their ships for them. Someshipowners may like to manage their own ships using anin-house ship management department. The flexibility,critical mass, economies of scale and the availability ofmanpower for the ships are some of the factors that areconsidered important in making the “outsourcing” or ‘inhouse”management decision.

7. CHARTERER • Where bulk cargoes are concerned, theentity employing the ship, if not the owner carrying hisown cargoes, is referred to as the charterer.

8. SHIPBROKER • The shipowners and charterers involvedin arranging the fixture are referred to as the principalsbut it is quite usual for the actual chartering deal - calleda fixture - to be negotiated on behalf of the chartererand the shipowner by shipbrokers with authoritygiven by the principals.

9. SHIP OPERATOR • It is quite common for companies,even major companies, to operate ships as if they ownthem either on a line or in the tramp trades withoutactually owning them. This is done by taking the shipsthey require on time charter or another form of long termlease known as a bareboat charter, in which event theymay be referred to as the disponent owner.

10. SALE & PURCHASE BROKING • Buying (or selling) a ship • A buyer and seller usually require a broker to helpfinalise and execute the deal. An S&P broker is animportant entity to make the transaction happen.

11. SHIP MANAGEMENT • Once purchased the ship has to be crewed,stored, maintained etc. which involves Ship Management,after which it will require cargoes.

12. LINER AGENTS • If the ship is a liner, the service must be marketed,the cargoes documented, arrangements made forloading and discharging these cargo all of which fallunder the heading of Liner Trades, which will be carriedout either within the liner operating company or byindependent Liner Agents.

13. DRY CARGO CHARTERING • If the ship is a dry-cargo tramp, finding a cargofor the ship (or finding a ship for the cargo) will be thetask of brokers in Dry Cargo Chartering.

14. TANKER BROKERING • A tanker will require a broker skilled in Tanker Chartering.

15. PORT AGENCY • Whenever a dry-cargo tramp or a tanker calls ata port its interests will be entrusted to a company in thatport those who specialise in Port Agency.

16. SHIPOWNER ORGANISATION • INTERCARGO (dry cargo shipowners) INTERTANKO (tanker owners). Baltic and International Maritime Council - BIMCO - (all owners and brokers). International Chamber of Shipping (association of national shipowning organisations) • National liner shipowner organisations.

17. BROKER AND AGENT ORGANISATION • Broker and Agent Organisations. Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers (London-based unique international body conferring professional status on shipping business practitioners) The Baltic Exchange (Historic centre of dry-cargo ship chartering in London) Federation of National Shipbrokers and Agents Associations – FONASBA – (International association of national broker/agent associations). International Federation of Forwarding Agent Associations – FIATA – (International association of national forwarding associations).

18. UNITED NATIONS AGENCIES • International Maritime Organisation – IMO – (London based association of the world’s maritime countries devoted to safety and pollution prevention) United Nations Council for Trade and Development – UNCTAD – (UN Geneva based agency principally devoted to developing international trade and transport, especially to the benefit of less developed countries).

19. INSURANCE • Corporation of Lloyds (Historic London-based insurance market on which underwriters and brokers trade).

20. LABOUR ORGANISATION • International Transport Workers Federation – ITF – (International federation of national trades unions involved in transport) International Shipping Federation – ISF – International association of national seafarer employers associations.

21. THANK YOU