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A COURSE SUMMARY 2013/04/12

Business English and Its Translation. A COURSE SUMMARY 2013/04/12. 主要内容. 1 第一讲 商务英语文体风格和语言特点 2 第二讲 商务英语翻译标准 3 第三讲 商务英语词语的翻译 (1) 4 第四讲 商务英语词语的翻译 (2) 5 第五讲 商务英语词语的翻译 (3) 6 第六讲 商务英语词语的翻译 (4) 7 第七讲 商务英语词语的翻译 (5) 8 第八讲 商务英语句子的翻译 (1). 主要内容： 张新红 《 商务英语翻译 》. 考试形式：闭卷. 100 分

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A COURSE SUMMARY 2013/04/12

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  1. Business English and Its Translation A COURSE SUMMARY 2013/04/12 Laura SISU

  2. 主要内容 • 1第一讲 商务英语文体风格和语言特点 • 2第二讲 商务英语翻译标准 • 3第三讲 商务英语词语的翻译 (1) • 4第四讲 商务英语词语的翻译 (2) • 5第五讲 商务英语词语的翻译(3) • 6第六讲 商务英语词语的翻译(4) • 7第七讲 商务英语词语的翻译(5) • 8第八讲 商务英语句子的翻译(1)

  3. 主要内容： 张新红《商务英语翻译》

  4. 考试形式：闭卷 100分 • 商务词汇互译 15*2=30% • 15 汉译英 • 15英译汉 • 商务句子翻译 （英译汉） 15*4=60% • 15个句子 • 简答题 2*5 % • 考试范围：1-8讲

  5. 第一讲 商务英语文体风格和语言特点

  6. Technical /commercial Terms for Clarity Abbreviations • Business terminology • CIF • Cost , Insurance and Freight到岸价格 • O/C • Outward Collection • 出口托收 • B/D • Bank Draft • 银行汇票 • CPI • Consumer Price Index • C/A • Current Account • 往来账 • TPND • Theft Pilferage and Non-Delivery • 盗窃和提货不着险 Laura SISU

  7. EXX • Anti-dumping measures • Quota-free products • 非配额产品 • Counter-offer • 还盘 • Bid bond • 投标保证金 Laura SISU

  8. EXX • Kitty • 凑集的资金 共同资金 • Kite • 空头支票 • Negotiable • 可兑现的（支票等） • Raider • 企图收购者 （证券交易） • honor • 承兑（票据） （银行业） • Average • 海损 海损费用 • Offer • 要约 • Offerer • 要约人 • Offeree • 受要约人 • Accept • 承诺 • Acceptor • 承诺人 • Acceptee • 接受承诺人 Laura SISU

  9. EXX • an outstanding cheque • 未兑现支票 • futures /drugs/buy • 期货、滞销货、便宜货 • Force Majeure • 不可抗力 • draft at sight • 即期汇票 • Bill of lading • 提单 • documents against acceptance • 承兑交单 • Bill of exchange • 汇票 • Offer • 发盘 • a firm offer • 实盘 • counter offer • 还盘 Laura SISU

  10. EXX Drugs: Unmarketable (unsalable, poor-selling) products; stickers • 滞销货;滞销商品 ； • This type of fixture went out of style and is now a drug on the market. • 这种装置的式样已经过时了,现在已成为一种滞销货。 Laura SISU

  11. Technical terms • default terms/value • 违约条款/默认值 • judgment by default • 缺席裁判 Laura SISU

  12. Linguistic feature (conversational) • With reference to your request for an extension on your note under date of February 7,we have considered the matter carefully and are pleased to tell you that we will be willing to allow you an additional 90 days to make payment on your note. • 关于你的要求延期支付2月7日到期的贷款一事,我们很高兴地通知您:在对这件事情慎重考虑之后,我们同意多给您90天的宽限期来支付款项. • We are pleased to allow you an additional 90 days to pay your note dated February 7. • 我们很乐意多给您90天的时间来支付2月7日到期的贷款. Laura SISU

  13. no vague language Literal words instead of figurative words are widely used in Business English. • We are delighted to receive your letter of November 18 asking whether we can supply you with Art. No 6024. • 很高兴收到你方案11月18 日来函,询问我方可否供应6024货号商品. • The period for shipment begins on April 1 and ends October 20 (both dates inclusive). • 从四月一日起到十月二十日止这一其间交货. Laura SISU

  14. EXX • We are in receipt of –-- we have received Compare: • Please be advised that we have received your invoice No.248. • Your invoice No.248 has been received. • 贵方248号发票已收到 Laura SISU

  15. Objective and impersonal Expository writing • A contract shall be an agreement whereby the parties establish ,change or terminate their civil relationship. • 合同是当事人之间设立、变更、终止民事关系的协议。(definition) • Business is a combination of all these activities：production．distribution and sale，through which profit or economic surplus will be created. • 商务是指生产、配送、销售等一切活动的组合，通过这些活动，创造利润和经济盈余。(definition) Laura SISU

  16. 4.Objective and impersonal • Generally speaking, telegrams can be divided into two kinds: Plain Language Telegrams and Code Language Telegrams. • 一般而言，电报可分为两种：明语电报和电码电报。(classification) • This contract is made out in duplicate in Chinese and in English Language ,one Chinese original copy and one English original copy for each party, both text being equally authentic. • 本合同用中文和英文书就,一式二份,双方各执一份中文正本和一份英文正本。两种文本具有同等效力。(illustration) Laura SISU

  17. 5. Principle-governed sentences loaded with clear and rich information for efficient communication • All offers by telex are open for 7 days. • 所有电传开盘七天内有效。 • Please rush your L/C so that the shipment may not be delayed. • 请速开证，以免耽误装运。 Laura SISU

  18. More passive sentences for objectivity and clarity • Documents must be presented not later than the expiry date of the credit. • 单据不得迟于信用证到期日提交。 • An expiry date stipulated for payment, acceptance or negotiation will be construed to express an expiry date for presentation of documents. • 所规定的付款、承兑或议付的到期日,将视为提交单据的到期日. Laura SISU

  19. More Passive Examples • This matter should be taken up with the insurance company. • 这件事情应向保险公司提出。 • Anti-dumping is widely being made use of in some countries. • 某些国家在滥用反倾销措施。 Laura SISU

  20. 随函附上发票和提单。 We are enclosing the invoice and the bill of lading. 根据贵方5月6日来函，我方乐意订购下列货物。 With reference/ Regarding/In reply to /Referring to your letter of May 6,we are pleased to give an order for the following goods. Laura SISU

  21. You-attitude vs We-attitude Business Acommercial text must be sincere, tactful, thoughtful and appreciative, avoiding irritating, offensive and belittling statement (the use of euphemism). p.50 • We allow a 5% discount for cash payments. (“we”—attitude ) 付现款，我们给5%的折扣。 • You earn a 5% discount when you pay cash. (“you”—attitude) 你付现款，可赚5%的折扣。 Laura SISU

  22. Other polite formula: a. Use of simple past tense such as “could /would/you…?I wondered…” • e.g. Could you reduce the price? • 您可以把价格降一降吗？ b. Use of passive voice • It was considered a mistake to put off shipment wantonly. • 任意拖延装运时间是错误的。 c. Use of subjunctive mood • Were it not for your manage ,we shouldn’t have missed the first vessel. • 要不是你们经理，我们不会错过第一条船的。 d. Use of “not always/ quite / really/ particularly …” • The question was not always with you. • 你不会总碰到这种问题的。 Laura SISU

  23. Words of the day Translation risk • Translation risks should be taken into account when you negotiate payment terms in international trade. • 做国际贸易谈判付款条件时要考虑换汇风险。 • The greater the proportion of asset and liability denominated in a foreign currency, the greater the translation risk. • 外汇业务中，所显示的资产和负债的比例越高，换汇风险越高 Laura SISU

  24. Lecture 2. Criteria & Techniques for business English translation

  25. Criteria • loyal • Idiomatic/readable • consistent

  26. Faithful to Information • B should send A detailed information of guests (date of arrival, number of rooms needed, nights) ten days prior to the arrival. • 乙方应提前10天向甲方确报散客的详细信息（抵达日期(即入住日期)、房数及天数。

  27. EXX • Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US$500 (SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY). • 甲方须每月付给一方500美元元整。

  28. Note conversion • 不动产 • ?unmovable property • fixed assets • 温饱 • ?to have warmth and food • to make both ends meet • 休息室 • ? rest-room/rest room/resting place • lobby/lounge • 试衣间 • ?clothes trial room • dressing room/fitting /change room • 自动门 • ?self-turning door • Automatic (revolving/swinging) door • 营业时间 • ?Operation Time • Business Hours/Open Hours

  29. EXX • 从4月1日起到10月20日止这一其间内交货. • ?Time of delivery begins on April 1 and ends on October 20. • Time of delivery begins on April 1 and ends on October 20,both dates inclusive. • 乙方没有按合同规定及时把货备妥,致使甲方派去装货的船只滞期48小时. • ?Party B failed to get the goods ready for loading in accordance with the time of shipment as stipulated in the Contract. Therefore it resulted in time delay for the vessel sent by Party A for 48 hours. • Party B’s failure to get the goods ready for loading in accordance with the time of shipment as stipulated in the Contract has resulted in time on demurrage for the vessel sent by Party A for 48 hours

  30. Idiomaticity He bent solely upon profit. • 他只屈身于利润之前。 • 只有利润才能使他低头。 • 他唯利是图。

  31. EXX • We wish to cover the goods against All Risks. • 我们希望货物能避免所有风险. • 我们拟对该货投保全险. • We are able to quote you very advantageous terms. • 我们能够引用你方非常有利的条件. • 我们能够向你方报相当优惠的价格. • Most little shops have been absorbed into big business. • 大多数小店已被大企业吸收了. • 大多数小店已被并入大公司

  32. 3.Consistency By consistency we also mean, if possible, keeping the same structural forms in translation so as to achieve coherence of the text. • As we begin a new era in McDonald’s, it is important that we define our vision for the future … where we are heading … what we plan to achieve … and how we will get there together. • 当我们开创麦当劳公司新纪元之际，重要的是要描绘我们未来的发展前景，诸如我们的前进方向，规划取得何种成就，如何共同达到这一目标等等。

  33. Exercises Loyalty (accuracy) • This contract is made in two originals in both English and Chinese，each party holding one．In case of any discrepancy between the two versions，the Chinese version shall prevail. 以中文本为准 • 本合同以中英文同时书就，一式两份，双方各执一份。两种文本如有歧意，以中文本为准。

  34. loyalty • The Buyer shall make a claim against the Seller (including replacement of the goods) by further inspection certificate and all the expenses incurred therefrom shall be borne by the Seller. • 如果买方向卖方提出索赔（ 包括换货），并出具相应的检验证明，卖方将支付全部费用。 • 买方须凭复检证明书向卖方提出索赔（包括换货），由此引发的全部费用应由卖方承担。

  35. EXX • The date of receipt issued by the transportation department concerned shall be regarded as the date of the delivery of goods. • 由有关的运输机构所开具收据的日期即被视为交货日期。 • 由承运的运输机构所开具收据的日期即被视为交货日期。

  36. Idiomaticity • The arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties. • 仲裁机构的裁决具有最终效力，双方必须遵照执行。 • 仲裁裁决是终局裁决，对双方均具有约束力。

  37. 2.General Introduction to Techniques for Biz Translation • Direct method • Indirect method • Complete equivalence • Partial equivalence • Merging • Splitting • Conversion

  38. Example • As a result, goods circulate more widely and at lower prices, jobs are created, and wealth is spread. Though people may act from the narrow desire to enrich themselves, “an invisible hand” guides them to enrich and improve all of society. • Direct: 结果，商品更广泛地流通，价格低廉，工作被创造出来，财富被扩散。尽管人们可以从狭窄的欲望出发，使自己富有，‘一个无形之手’指导它们致富并改进社会。 • Indirect：结果，商品价格更为低廉、流通更为广泛，就业机会增加，人们的财富也随之增加。尽管人们可能会从狭义的欲望出发去发家致富，但‘一种无形之手’却能引导他们去繁荣整个社会、去促进整个社会的进步。

  39. Complete equivalence 专有名词、专业术语等 不涉及到一词多义的问题，所以比较好处理， • National Bank of Pakistan • 巴基斯坦国民银行 • European Economic Community (EEC) • 欧洲经济共同体(欧共体) • Organization of Petroleum Exerting Countries (OPEC) • 石油输出国组织(欧佩克) • Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) • 亚太经济合作组织(亚太经合组织)

  40. Partial equivalence 遇到多义词时，要根据它在上下文的意思去确定它的哪一种词义同汉语(中文)相对应，或者接近之后，才能决定取舍 • Who has torn the cover of my book? • (封面) • We are today forwarding you 01／1“new test key under separate cover． • (信封) • The cover of the above-mentioned draft was remitted to you on the date of issue through the Chartered Bank London． • (头寸)

  41. More • Designated forex banks dealt on the inter-bank market according to the turnover position limit on banking exchange stipulated by SAFE and covered the position on the market. • 外汇指定银行根据国家外汇管理局核对的银行结售汇周转头寸限额到银行间市场进行外汇买卖,平补结售汇头寸。 • in an easy position (tight position) • 头寸宽裕(头寸紧缺)

  42. 发放贷款 • Make/issue/launch 放贷款可译作 • to launch a loan • to launch a movement，campaign，drive • 搞运动、活动 • to launch a training program，class，course • 举办培训班 • to launch a satellite • 发射卫星

  43. Splitting • The certificates (FRCD--floating rate certificate of deposit), which are fully negotiable, constitute unsecured obligations of the issuing bank and rank pari passu with all other deposits of the bank. • pari passu adv. at an equal pace; side by side: • 以同样速度，不分先后 • 浮动利率存单完全可以流通。这就使发行银行承担了未获担保而支付的义务。此种存单与银行的其他存款具有同样的地位。(三句)

  44. Splitting • The documentary credit offersa unique and universally used method of achieving a commercially acceptable compromise by providing for payment to be made against documents that represent the goods and make possible the transfer of rights to those goods. • 跟单信用证提供了一种独特的、全世界都采用的方法，即凭代表货物的单据付款，从而使货权的转移成为可能。这是一种商业上可以接受的折衷方式。

  45. Amplification • “hot” money • 游资(热钱)指获取高利或保障币值而由一国转移到另一国的流动资金 • Here the exporter's assets (the money due from the overseas buyer) will always match his liability (his foreign currency borrowings). • 这样，出口商的资产(应收海外买方的款项)和自己的债务(海外借款)之间总是(保持)平衡的 • (用相等、相似、相配、相当于都不合适)

  46. Explanation • …And for good reason：Lenders worry that they'll be throwing money down a black hole．．…其原因很清楚，放款者担心他们的钱会扔进一个无底洞。 Good 引申为“很清楚”、“很简单”或“只有一个” black hole “黑洞 “石沉大海” 肉包子打狗 有去无回 “无底洞”

  47. EXX • Some analysts suggest that this is because of the lack of competition, others that it's because merchant banking is still something of a new novelty in Jakarta, and still others that it is because business in most sectors of the Indonesian economy is booming. • 有的分析家认为，这是因为缺乏竞争，有的认为这是因为在雅加达商人银行业还是一种新生事物，还有认为印度尼西亚大部分经济领域的生意都很兴隆。

  48. Words of the day Fresh money • These investors show no interest in putting fresh money into the market. • 这个投资者根本没有兴趣向市场追加资本。 • Fresh money is opposed to old money. • 追加资本与原有资本相对。

  49. Hands-on homework

  50. Lecture 3 Lexical Choice in English-Chinese Translation for International Business (1) Laura SISU

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