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John F. Kennedy 1960-1963

John F. Kennedy 1960-1963. Warren Court Reforms. Under Chief Justice Earl Warren, the Supreme Court issued a number of decisions that altered the voting system, expanded due process, and reinterpreted aspects of the First Amendment.

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John F. Kennedy 1960-1963

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  1. John F. Kennedy 1960-1963

  2. Warren Court Reforms Under Chief Justice Earl Warren, the Supreme Court issued a number of decisions that altered the voting system, expanded due process, and reinterpreted aspects of the First Amendment. A sampling of major decisions of the Warren Court Civil Rights • Brown v. Board of Education (1954) Declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional Due Process • Mapp v. Ohio (1961) Ruled that unlawfully seized evidence cannot be used in a trial • Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) Established suspect’s right to court-appointed attorney if suspects were unable to afford one • Escobedo v. Illinois (1964) Affirmed right of the accused to an attorney during police questioning • Miranda v. Arizona (1966) Required police to inform suspects of their rights during the arrest process Freedom of Speech and Religion • Engel v. Vitale (1962) Banned state-mandated prayer in public schools • Abington School District v. Schempp (1963) Banned state-mandated Bible reading in public schools

  3. Civil Rights • Brown v. Board of Education (1954) • Declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional • 1894- Plessy v. Ferguson, which held that as long as the separate facilities for the separate races were equal, segregation did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment ("no State shall... deny to any person... the equal protection of the laws."). • The plaintiff, Oliver L. Brown, was a parent, a welder in the shops of the Santa Fe Railroad, an assistant pastor at his local church, and an African American. Brown's daughter Linda, a third grader, had to walk six blocks to her school bus stop to ride to Monroe Elementary, her segregated black school one mile away, while Sumner Elementary, a white school, was seven blocks from her house.

  4. Mapp v. Ohio (1961) Ruled that unlawfully seized evidence cannot be used in a trial (overturned the silver platter doctrine) • Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) • Established suspect’s right to court-appointed attorney if suspects were unable to afford one • Escobedo v. Illinois (1964)Affirmed right of the accused to an • attorney during policequestioning.

  5. Miranda v. Arizona (1966) Required police to inform suspects of • their rights during their arrest process • On March 13, 1963, Ernesto Miranda was arrested, by the • Phoenix Police Department, based on circumstantial evidence • linking him to the kidnapping and rape of an 18-year-old girl ten • days earlier. After two hours of interrogation by police officers, • Miranda signed a confession to the rape charge on forms that • included the typed statement "I do hereby swear that I make this • statement voluntarily and of my own free will, with no threats, • coercion, or promises of immunity, and with full knowledge of my • legal rights, understanding any statement I make may be used • against me.” • However, he was never told what his rights were. Brewer v. Williams ( Christian Burial Speech)

  6. Freedom of Speech and Religion Engel v. Vitale (1962) Banned state-mandated prayer in public schools Abington School District v. Schempp (1963) Banned state-mandated Bible reading in public schools

  7. Exit ticket How did the Warren Court change the “landscape” Of The American Justice system? How would life be different today if these decisions Went the other way?

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