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The California Culture Area. The Region. There is a multitude of tribal diversity in California. The Environment. The Lifestyle. Housing styles varied depending on the climate and environment. Acorn Culture. Acorns have been a staple of Native California economies for millennia.
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The Region There is a multitude of tribal diversity in California.
The Lifestyle Housing styles varied depending on the climate and environment.
Acorn Culture Acorns have been a staple of Native California economies for millennia. Plentiful and nutritious, they could be collected and stored for a continual food source. Grinding holes Acorn granary Live Oak acorn
Cooking in a Basket By adding hot rocks and removing cooled ones, it is possible to boil water in a basket. Acorn meal is spread into a shallow basket and water is poured over it to wash out the tannic acid. The acorn meal is added to a cooking basket full of heated water. Rocks are heated in a nearby fire and transferred to the basket to keep the mixture hot.
The Regions of California California can be divided into a lot of smaller regions because its climate is so varied. There is are 6 distinct areas: The Coast The Mountains The Northern area The Southern area The Central valley The Deserts
The Impact of Contact California tribes endured tremendous hardship during the 19th century • The Mission System • Disease • The Gold Rush • Bounties • Legislated Slavery • Treaty Violations • Reparations
Artistic Traditions While basketry is the premier artform known from the California region, many other arts have been created. Shellwork, woodcarving, stoneworking, featherwork, and beadwork have been produced.
Basketry Every tribe produced some form of basketry in pre-Contact times. Some baskets were quickly woven and discarded when worn out, others were painstakingly constructed for decades of use. Similar designs are found on baskets of different tribes but they often represent different ideas.
Basketry Techniques • Coiled • Twined • Wicker/plaited Can be fast to produce and durable When constructed with fine materials, can be watertight Quick construction
Basketry Styles Feather/gift basket Storage basket storage Cooking basket Gambling tray Miniature basket Winnowing basket Mortar/grinding basket
Pit River - Hat Creek Baskets Designs are woven into the basket by using materials of different colors.
Feather baskets Baskets are covered with feathers which are inserted one quill at a time into stitches. These are baskets which would be given as gifts at special times in a person’s life.
Watertight Baskets By making an extremely tight weave it is possible to create a basket that will hold water without leaking. Watertight baskets were made for storing edibles and cooking foods.
Unusual Basket Designs Pomo teacup Trinket or tobacco basket
Basketry at Auction in 2002 A 20x20 inch Southern California polychrome olla, collected between 1907 and 1924. Woven with vertical panels of naturalistic butterflies and checkered diamonds,. Sold at Butterfields in San Francisco, California on April 23 for $146,625 - a record for Native American basketry offered at auction. Another polychrome olla at the same sale realized $75,125.
Largest Basket In the World? This basket is a seri sappim.,. Made from torote, a bush grown in the sonora desert. The basket was constructed over a 3 1/2 year period by 2 Seri Indian ladies.
Beaded baskets An artistic variation as a result of trade and Contact, beaded baskets continue to be produced by Paiute weavers today. A glass bead is inserted into stitches during the construction of the basket.
Shell, Bone and Wood Carving Wood carving is an artform often neglected when looking at this region. Carved elkhorn purses to hold strings of dentalium shells.
Dat So La Lee, Washoe She single-handily changed the art of Washoe basket weaving. She changed and refined the stitching technique to create a new shape of basket called, degikup.
Dat So La Lee - Washoe Degikup was a larger basket which curved in towards the top. She also expanded the design to cover most of the basket surface. Then she introduced a dye called, Redbud. This was used along with a black dye for decoration.
Dat So La Lee - Washoe She made over 250 baskets in her lifetime, many of which reside in museum collections. Her baskets were done with perfection and outstanding workmanship, even though she was almost blind.
Elsie Allen, Pomo Elsie’s mother, Annie Burke (1876-1962), asked her to break with tradition and not destroy her baskets upon her death. It was a hard decision, but Elsie honored that wish and the family baskets survive. Elsie took over the responsibility to teaching about Pomo tradition and making baskets when her mother died.
Elsie Allen, Pomo Elsie Allen (left) at 50, her mother at the right. Family baskets that carried a culture of the hands, of growing plants, of the spirit. Elsie's grandmother, Nellie, taught her plants and basketry. She was photographed in 1898 with this basket - at least 4' in diameter - a twined storage basket.
Elizabeth Hickox, Wiyot Elizabeth directed her weaving to the élite market, specializing in a lidded ‘gift basket’ with undulating profile and a high knob. On these she delineated main designs with supreme attention to the relationship of positive and negative elements and embellished them with a complex scheme of bordering designs and shifts in weaving technique.
Elizabeth Hickox, Wiyot Elizabeth’s work can be seen at the Southwest Indian Museum in Los Angeles.
Lucy Parker Telles, Miwok The huge 36" World's Fair winner basket it took 4 years to make, 1933.
California Indian Basketweaver’s Association http://www.ciba.org/ Learn to make California baskets. Pomo Gift Basket. Coiled: willow, sedge, bulrush, woodpecker feathers, quail plumes, clam shell beads Kawaiisu Storage Basket. Coiled: dear grass, willow yucca, bracken fern, quail plumes, wool yarn.
Fritz Scholder, Luiseno/La Jolla A sometimes controversial artist, he has extended the parameters of Native art.
Linda Yamane, Rumsian Ohlone Storyteller, basket maker, rattle singer, and historian.
Harry Fonseca, Nisenan Maidu Rosie Coyote
Vivien Hailstone, Hupa An accomplished basket weaver and shellworker, artisan and tribal icon.
James Luna, Luiseno/Diegueno A performance and spatial artist, his pieces are often political in nature.
Frank Day, Maidu One of the first CA Native artists to use painting as a medium to express traditional thought and culture.
Julia Parker, Kashaya Pomo The Native interpretor for Yosemite National Park, she often demonstrates basketweaving.
Frank Gist, Yurok Traditional carver and artisan.
William Pink, Pala Cupeno Continues to make traditional materials, especially stone carving and bow making.
