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Changes in British Colonial Governance and Society (1680-1750)

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This chapter explores the impacts of British control over colonial governance during the late 17th and early 18th centuries. The discontent under Charles II and James II led to the Glorious Revolution, establishing a limited monarchy under William and Mary, paving the way for increased colonial autonomy. However, mercantilist policies, including the Navigation Acts, enforced strict trade regulations. The chapter discusses immigration patterns, the role of native tribes, the realities of rural and urban colonial life, and the harsh realities of slavery.

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Changes in British Colonial Governance and Society (1680-1750)

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  1. Chapter 4 Pg. 89-108

  2. British Control • Charles II and James II dislike representative Gov’t • Dominion of NE (NH, CT, RI, NY, NJ)

  3. “Glorious Revolution” • William and Mary came to power through the Glorious Revolution • Instituted a limited monarchy • English Bill of Rights • Allowed more colonial representation/autonomy in the colonies • Still maintained strict control over Mass.

  4. Colonial Warfare • Colonists more dependent on Great Britain protection • Native tribes forming alliances with European nations • Destruction of certain tribes • 5 Nation Iroquois Confederation (8,600 to 7,000)

  5. Mercantilism • Navigation Acts • 1651-Colonial trade only on English or Colonial Vessels • 1660 & 1663-Could only export certain commodities to Britain (ex. Sugar and Tobacco) • Molasses Act of 1733-Heavy tax on non British Molasses

  6. Settlement Patterns • Spanish-4,500 • French-15,000 • English-250,000

  7. Immigration Patterns • 1700-1750-Predominately British Immigrants • 1750-Other Groups started Immigrating • 18th century immigrants were poor (lots of indentured servants) • Most immigrants entered through Philadelphia and usually stayed in Pennsylvania • Also, immigrants started moving further west towards the Appalachian Mts.

  8. Rural Life • Success limited (through hard work and luck) • Mostly small scale family farming • Lots of children to work on family land • Overpopulation led to deforestation • Loss of wild life, flooding, seasonal changes, hurt soil, lowered crop yields

  9. City Life • Immigration went up so did populations in Colonial cities • Ports of Entry, Trade Centers, Sporadic Work, Overpopulated, unsanitary

  10. Slavery • Treated extremely poorly • Task System vs. Gang System

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