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The Evolution of Segregation 1865- 1955. Problem. Solution. Southern Response. Slavery. 13 th Amendment. Black Codes. Freedman treated like non citizens. Jim Crow Laws. 14 th Amendment equal protection clause. Unequal treatment. Civil Rights Act 1875.

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  1. The Evolution of Segregation 1865- 1955 Problem Solution Southern Response Slavery 13th Amendment Black Codes Freedman treated like non citizens Jim Crow Laws 14th Amendment equal protection clause Unequal treatment Civil Rights Act 1875 Civil Rights Act 1875 was appealed in Supreme Court Segregation PlessyvsFerguson 1896 = Separate but Equal. Jim Crow Laws in private life and “equal” public accommodations Inferior education Brown v Board 1954 Brown v Board II 1955 results

  2. The 13th Amendment Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime where of the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Section 2. Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. Chart

  3. Black Codes Black Codes were passed after the civil war in ex-slave states These codes limited ex-slaves to agricultural jobs with little wages, usually these wages paid back to the masters so that they would have food and shelter. Additionally the codes restricted African American movement. If an African American left the plantation they would forfeit their wages. Black codes forbid Ex-Slaves from entering must towns. Also if an ex-slave tried to leave the plantation before their “contract” was up they could be forcefully returned. Black codes also prevented African Americans from voting This was a form of Quasi- Slavery Chart

  4. 14th Amendment Section 1- The Rights of Citizens and the Equal Protection Clause Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Chart

  5. Jim Crow Laws Established De Jure Segregation (Segregation by law) throughout the South Segregated areas in the South included schools, public facilities, government positions, the military, and public transportation, cohabitation, and in some states interracial marriage was illegal. Chart

  6. Civil Rights Act 1875 Be it enacted, That all persons within the jurisdiction of the United States shall be entitled to the full and equal enjoyment of the accommodations, advantages, facilities, and privileges of inns, public conveyances on land or water, theaters, and other places of public amusement; subject only to the conditions and limitations established by law, and applicable alike to citizens of every race and color, regardless of any previous condition of servitude. Chart

  7. The Supreme Court declared the Civil Rights Act of 1875 . . . Unconstitutional!!!! The Court, in a decision by Justice Joseph P. Bradley, held that the language of the 14th Amendment, which prohibited denial of equal protection by a state, did not give Congress power to regulate these private acts. The Court also acknowledged that the 13th Amendment does apply to private actors, but only to the extent that it prohibits people from owning slaves, not exhibiting discriminatory behavior. The Court said that "it would be running the slavery argument into the ground to make it apply to every act of discrimination which a person may see fit to make as to guests he will entertain, or as to the people he will take into his coach or cab or car; or admit to his concert or theatre, or deal with in other matters of intercourse or business African Americans are reduced to 2nd class citizens Chart

  8. Plessyvs Ferguson Decision The Supreme Court upheld the legal separation of race. Separate but Equal doctrine Established Segregation protected by Federal law Chart

  9. Key Civil Rights Acts to end Segregation Brown vs Board of Education 1954- end segregation in public schools Civil Rights Act 1964- ended segregation in all public and private accommodations voting

  10. The Evolution of African American Voting 1865- 1965 15th Amendment Southern Methods to prevent voting Federal actions Year Violence 1870 Enforcement Act Poll Tax 24th amendment 1964 Fraud Enforcement Act 1870 Voter Registration Reapportionment Gerrymandering Baker vs Carr 1962 Literacy test Voting Rights Act 1965 The Supreme Court dismissed many cases, empowering Southern Governments

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