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SPIELVOGEL CHAPTER 14

SPIELVOGEL CHAPTER 14. EUROPE AND THE NEW WORLD: NEW ENCOUNTERS, 1500-1800. ON THE BRINK OF A NEW WORLD. THE AGE OF EXPLORATION/THE AGE OF EUROPEAN EXPANSION BY 16 TH CENT ATLANTIC SEABOARD BECOMES CENTER OF COMMERCE AND TRADE FIRST PORTUGAL AND SPAIN

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SPIELVOGEL CHAPTER 14

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  1. SPIELVOGEL CHAPTER 14 EUROPE AND THE NEW WORLD: NEW ENCOUNTERS, 1500-1800

  2. ON THE BRINK OF A NEW WORLD • THE AGE OF EXPLORATION/THE AGE OF EUROPEAN EXPANSION • BY 16TH CENT ATLANTIC SEABOARD BECOMES CENTER OF COMMERCE AND TRADE • FIRST PORTUGAL AND SPAIN • DUTCH REPUBLIC, ENGLAND, FRANCE FOLLOW • TRANSITION FROM AGRARIAN ECON TO COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL ECON • NEW CONTACTS WITH NON -EUROPEAN PEOPLES

  3. THE MOTIVES • ATTRACTION TO LANDS OUTSIDE OF EUROPE -> FANTASY LITERATURE • THE TRAVELS OF JOHN MANDEVILLE • PRESTER JOHN • MARCO POLO • ECONOMIC MOTIVES = GOLD • RELIGIOUS ZEAL = GOD - RELIGIOUS CONVERSION • GLORY = DO GREAT THINGS/BECOME FAMOUS

  4. THE MEANS • CENTRALIZED MONARCHIES - INCREASED AUTHORITY AND RESOURCES • INCREASED LEVELS OF WEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY • PORTOLANI • CARTOGRAPHY -> PTOLEMY’S GEOGRAPHY • IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIP BUILDING = LATEEN SAILS, SQUARE RIG • NEW NAVIGATIONAL TECHNIQUES

  5. PORTOLANI Portolan charts are navigational maps based on realistic descriptions of harbours and coasts. They were first made in the 14th century in Italy, Portugal and Spain. With the advent of the Age of Discovery, they were considered State secrets in Portugal and Spain, very valuable in the description of Atlantic and Indian coastlines for newcomer English and Dutch raiding, and later trading, ships. The word portolan comes from the Italian adjective portolano, meaning "related to ports or harbours.“

  6. ASTROLABE

  7. NEW HORIZONS: THE PORTUGUESE AND SPANISH EMPIRES • PORTUGAL BEGAN THE AGE OF EXPANSION • EXPLORATION OF THE COAST OF AFRICA • LEADERSHIP OF PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR • TRADE AND EXTENDING CHRISTIANITY

  8. THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PORTUGUESE MARITIME EMPIRE • PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR • EXPLORATION OF COAST OF AFRICA - GOLD AND SLAVES • THE GOLD COAST • BARTHOLOMEU DIAS = FIRST TO ROUND THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE/TIP OF AFRICA • VASCO Da GAMA = FIRST TO REACH INDIA/ LANDED AT CALICUT IN INDIA/BROUGHT BACK SPICES • WAR WITH ARAB TRADERS AND FLEETS -> ESTABLISHING MONOPOLY IN SPICE TRADE

  9. PORTUGUESE EXPOLRATIONS AND DISCOVERIES

  10. ALFONOSO DE ALBUQUERQUE AND THE PORTUGUESE • ESTABLISH PERMANENT PORTUG. BASE AT GOA ON W. COAST OF INDIA • PUSH FURTHER EAST - SEIZE CONTROL OF MALACCA • WORKED TO DESTROY ARAB SPICE TRADE + BASE ON ROUTE TO SPICE ISLANDS • PUSHED FURTHER EAST TO CHINA AND THE MOLUCCAS/SPICE ISLANDS • PORTUGUESE TRADE EMPIRE WAS LIMITED -> JUST TRADING POSTS/LIMITED POP. AND RESOURCES

  11. WHY WERE THE PORTUGUESE SO SUCCESSFUL? 1. GUNS 2. SEAMANSHIP

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