Resources and Energy

1. Resources and Energy Preview • Multiple Choice • Short Response • Reading Skills • Interpreting Graphics

2. Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following is an example of a nonmetal mineral resource? A. gold B. quartz C. aluminum D. graphite

3. Multiple Choice, continued 1. Which of the following is an example of a nonmetal mineral resource? A. gold B. quartz C. aluminum D. graphite

4. Multiple Choice, continued 2. Nonmetal are identified by their F. ability to conduct heat G. shiny surfaces H. ability to conduct electricity I. dull surfaces

5. Multiple Choice, continued 2. Nonmetal are identified by their F. ability to conduct heat G. shiny surfaces H. ability to conduct electricity I. dull surfaces

6. Multiple Choice, continued 3. A mineral deposit called a lode is formed by A. metal fragment deposited in stream beds B. layers accumulating in cooling magma C. hot mineral solutions in cracks in rock D. precipitation of minerals from seawater

7. Multiple Choice, continued 3. A mineral deposit called a lode is formed by A. metal fragment deposited in stream beds B. layers accumulating in cooling magma C. hot mineral solutions in cracks in rock D. precipitation of minerals from seawater

8. Multiple Choice, continued • Which of the following is an example of a nonrenewable resource? • natural gas • sunlight • falling water • wind

9. Multiple Choice, continued • Which of the following is an example of a nonrenewable resource? • natural gas • sunlight • falling water • wind

10. Multiple Choice, continued • A material from which mineral resources can be mined profitably is a(n) A. gemstone B. ore C. nodule D. renewable resource

11. Multiple Choice, continued • A material from which mineral resources can be mined profitably is a(n) A. gemstone B. ore C. nodule D. renewable resource

12. Short Response • Federal and state laws require mining companies to return land to its original condition or better than its original condition when mining operations are completed. What is this process called? reclamation

13. Short Response, continued 7. What are the three forms of fossil fuels, and what form does each one take? Answers may vary but may include glass, paper, plastic, aluminium, and rubber

14. Reading Skills Read the passage below. Then, answer questions 9/11. Fossil Fuels All fossil fuels form from the buried remains of ancient organisms. But different types of fossil fuels form in different ways and from different types of organisms. Petroleum and natural gas form mainly from the remains of microscopic sea life. When these organisms die, their remains collect on the ocean floor, where they are buried by sediment. Over time, the sediment slowly becomes rock and traps the organic remains. Through physical and chemical changes over millions of years, the remains became petroleum and natural gas. Gradually, more rocks form above the rocks that contain the fossil fuels. Under the pressure of overlying rocks and sediments, the fossil fuels are able to move through permeable rocks. Permeable rocks are rocks that allow fluids, such as petroleum and permeable rocks become reservoirs that hold petroleum and natural gas.

15. Reading Skills, continued 9. What process causes organic remains to turn into fossil fuels? A. pressure caused by overlying rocks and sediments B. the constant layering of remains from microscopic sea life C. millions of years of physical and chemical changes D. the movement of fluids through layers of permeable rock

16. Reading Skills, continued 9. What process causes organic remains to turn into fossil fuels? A. pressure caused by overlying rocks and sediments B. the constant layering of remains from microscopic sea life C. millions of years of physical and chemical changes D. the movement of fluids through layers of permeable rock

17. Reading Skills, continued • Which of the following statements can be inferred from the information in the passage? F. Fossil fuel formation is ongoing, and current remains may become petroleum in the future. G. Fossil fuel formation happened millions of years ago and no longer takes place today. H. Current petroleum and natural gas reservoirs are found only beneath the ocean floor. I. Permeable rocks are also a good place to find other fossil fuels, such as coal.

18. Reading Skills, continued • Which of the following statements can be inferred from the information in the passage? F. Fossil fuel formation is ongoing, and current remains may become petroleum in the future. G. Fossil fuel formation happened millions of years ago and no longer takes place today. H. Current petroleum and natural gas reservoirs are found only beneath the ocean floor. I. Permeable rocks are also a good place to find other fossil fuels, such as coal.

19. Reading Skills, continued • Why do we consider petroleum and natural gas to be nonrenewable resources? Because the process to replenish petroleum and natural gas takes millions of years, these resources are considered nonrenewable. Nonrenewable resources are resources that form at a much slower rate than the rate at which they are consumed.

20. Interpreting Graphics Use the figure below to answer questions 12-13. The graph below illustrates the sources of energy used in the United States since 1850. Future statistics are predicted based on current trends and technology development.

21. Interpreting Graphics, continued 12. Which of the following is the main reason that coal became a more widely used energy source than wood in the mid-1800s? A. Coal burns easier than wood does. B. Coal is a renewable resource, unlike wood. C. Coal is a more efficient energy-producer than wood. D. Coal produces fewer byproducts and waste than wood does.

22. Interpreting Graphics, continued 12. Which of the following is the main reason that coal became a more widely used energy source than wood in the mid-1800s? A. Coal burns easier than wood does. B. Coal is a renewable resource, unlike wood. C. Coal is a more efficient energy-producer than wood. D. Coal produces fewer byproducts and waste than wood does.

23. Interpreting Graphics, continued • Evaluate reasons why nuclear power is predicted to peak in usage around the year 2025, and then steadily decline in usage? Answers should include: understanding that technology carries both benefits and risks; nuclear power is powerful, but controversial, energy source; nuclear power has dangerous, long-lasting byproducts and the potential for serious accidents; nuclear power produces radioactive waste, which remains hazardous for thousands of years; nuclear power also creates the potential for a nuclear meltdown, which could release radioactivity into the atmosphere, having a direct and detrimental affect on the health of local populations and globally with movement of global weather patterns; safer, cleaner, renewable resources are currently not as effective as nuclear power; renewable resources are predicted to replace nuclear power as they become more efficient.

24. Interpreting Graphics Use the figure below to answer question 14. The table below shows common minerals and their uses.

25. Interpreting Graphics, continued • Use your everyday knowledge of automobiles to describe the part of an automobile for which each mineral listed in the table may be used. All the minerals listed above might be used in the car manufacturing as follows: gold for computers and electronics, galena for car batteries, quartz for windows or light coverings, sulfur for tires, graphite for paint, hematite for the body and framework, and chalcopyrite for wiring.