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Jake F. Weltzin United States Geological Survey

(Taking) The Pulse of our Planet The USA National Phenology Network. Jake F. Weltzin United States Geological Survey. www.usanpn.org. Outline. Applications for phenology Conceptual network structure Regional phenology networks Plant and animal phenology programs Data management plan

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Jake F. Weltzin United States Geological Survey

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  1. (Taking) The Pulse of our Planet The USA National Phenology Network Jake F. Weltzin United States Geological Survey www.usanpn.org

  2. Outline • Applications for phenology • Conceptual network structure • Regional phenology networks • Plant and animal phenology programs • Data management plan • Opportunities for TNC

  3. Phenology – Study of the cause and the consequence of the timing of recurring biological phases Phenophase– identifiable stages of life-history cycles for plant and animal individuals or populations

  4. Phenology and the biosphere Climate Temperature, Precipitation, Radiation, Humidity, Wind Chemistry CO2, CH4, N2O ozone, aerosols Heat Moisture Momentum CO2 CH4 N2O VOCs Dust Biogeophysics Biogeochemistry Carbon Assimilation Decomposition Aero- dynamics Water Energy Mineralization Microclimate Canopy Physiology Phenology Hydrology Inter- cepted Water Bud Break Soil Water Snow Leaf Senescence Species Composition Ecosystem Structure Nutrient Availability Water Evaporation Transpiration Snow Melt Infiltration Runoff GPP, Plant & Microbial Respiration Nutrient Availability Ecosystems Species Composition Ecosystem Structure WatershedsSurface Water Subsurface Water Geomorphology Disturbance Fires Hurricanes Ice Storms Windthrows Vegetation Dynamics Hydrologic Cycle Betancourt 2006, modified from Bonan (2002)

  5. Global change influences & is influenced by phenology Amplification of seasonal cycle Phenology modulates carbon cycles at multiple temporal & spatial scales

  6. Streamflow CT (center of mass) Phenology SI (lilac & honeysuckle) -1.0 -0.5 0.2 Predicting frequency of large forest fires # fires > 400 ha in SW US, 1970-2003, vs CT and vs SI Westerling, Schwartz & Betancourt, in prep.

  7. Northern Shortgrass Prairies Western Gulf Coastal Grasslands J. Craine, in prep.

  8. Species/functional groups respond differentially to different global change drivers Cleland et al. 2006 PNAS

  9. W. Esaias, in prep. Peak of honey production, central MD, 1964-2005: 24.7 day advance

  10. Tree phenology, resources and neotropical migrant birds NashvilleWarbler C. van Riper III et al. 2007

  11. USA-NPN Conceptual Structure Intensive science sites Extensive science sites Decreasing Spatial Coverage Increasing Process Knowledge Volunteer & education networks Remote sensing Adapted from CENR-OSTP

  12. Ameriflux National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) Intensive science networks Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER)

  13. Extensive science networks Registered NPN observers (N ~ 700 as of June 2007) Organization of Biological Field Stations (OBFS) National Park Service I & M program National Wildlife Refuge System

  14. Education, outreach and citizen science • Project BudBurst is NPN outreach program • Engage public in GC data collection and analysis • Portal to detailed data collection protocols • Education programs and modules (GK-16) • Live for 2008 on Feb 15 • Enormous interest (AP, Science, NPR, Sunset…) • Source of legacy datasets

  15. Remote Sensing • Enhance and develop RS phenology products • Ground truth RS data • Use RS to interpolate ground observations • Relate RS estimates to biophysical attributes for model parameterization • Integrate across scales • Inter-model comparisons • National coordinator: RS for phenology Mean SI First Leaf 1990-1993 & 1995-1999, Courtesy M. Schwartz

  16. Northeast Regional Phenology Network (NE-RPN) Regional phenology networks Pending: SE US (Kish), Mid-Atlantic (Jones), SW US (Yool)

  17. Plant Phenology Program • Nationally vetted list of plant species • research, health, agriculture, natural resource mgmt, recreation, education • crop, allergen, invasive, coniferous, deciduous, herbaceous • widespread, dominant, imp. relationships, identifiable, accessible, legacy, etc. • Calibration, Regional-Focal, Clonal; ~150 spp. • Develop and vet species protocols (2008 beta) • discrete to continuous phenophases • scaling from ground to RS imagery • “core” vs. “intensive” levels of observation • consistent with international standards • Develop and vet study protocols (2008 beta) • issues of scaling, detail, consistency Scoping and development of Animal Phenology Program in 2008

  18. NPN “calibration” species Acer rubrum red maple Deciduous Ambrosia artemisiifolia/psilostachya ragweed Allergan Andropogon gerardii big bluestem Grass Bouteloua gracilis blue grama Grass Centaurea stoebe syn. maculoba spotted knapweed Invasive Cirsium arvense Canada thistle Invasive Forsythia spp. forsythia Ornamental Fragaria virginiana strawberry Herb Juniperus virginiana eastern redcedar Allerg, conif Malus pumila apple Crop Medicago sativa alfalfa Crop Panicum virgatum switchgrass Grass, crop Pascopyrum smithii (syn A. smithii) western wheatgrass Grass Pinus edulis/monophylla pinyon pine spp Conif, allerg Pinus ponderosa ponderosa pine Conif, allerg Populus tremuloides quaking aspen Deciduous Prunus virginiana chokecherry Deciduous Syringa vulgaris common lilac Ornamental Taraxacum officinale dandelion Invasive

  19. Acer rubrum(red maple) Phenophases Description Distribution Images Timing of growth Did you know? Bibliography Notes • First flower • End of flowering • First leaf • 25% leaf development • 50% leaf development • 75% leaf development • Full leaf development • First fruit ripe • 50% of fruit ripe • All fruit ripe • First colored leaf • 25% of leaves colored • 50% of leaves colored • 75% of leaves colored • All leaves colored • First leaf fallen • 25% of leaves fallen • 50% of leaves fallen • 75% of leaves fallen • All leaves fallen

  20. Data Management Plan Observational data Legacy datasets Network datasets DC-Bio FGDC Data entry/contribution web interface NPN Data Store Data retrieval/visualization web interface ……… Queried Data External datasets (e.g., NCDC) Visualization tools Visual Data

  21. Opportunities for TNC • Climate change -- impacts, mitigation and adaptation • Global Climate Change Initiative • Conservation planning • Ecological monitoring • Education and outreach • Everyday Environmentalist • Citizen science involvement • State chapters and individual preserves

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