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United States. World War II. Political and Economic Upheaval. Political and Economic Struggles in Europe: Devastation of World War I Communist Revolution in Russia Problems of Paris Peace Conference Great Depression Economic Crisis showed failure ideals of democracy.
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United States World War II
Political and Economic Upheaval • Political and Economic Struggles in Europe: • Devastation of World War I • Communist Revolution in Russia • Problems of Paris Peace Conference • Great Depression • Economic Crisis showed failure ideals of democracy. • People received no help from government • People turned to strong leaders who provided limited civil liberties for help.
The Rise of Communism • Karl Marx • Command Economy • Socialism • Communism • February 1917 Russian Revolution • Overthrew Czar Nicholas II • Bolshevik Revolution • Vladimir Lenin
The Rise of Communism • Lenin’s Slogan: “Peace, Bread and Land” • Pull Russia out of the war with the central powers • Ample food and land for the people of Russia • Treaty of Brest-Litovsk – Peace with Germany • Lenin had strict control of government and people. • New Economic Policy • Mixed Economy • Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Problems Created By The Paris Peace Conference • World Powers wanted Germany to suffer for World War I • Germany signed an Armistice hoping for a favorable peace agreement. • Germany set up a democratic government. • Germany was excluded from League of Nations • Powers forced Germany to accept the Treaty of Versailles • Debilitated Germany’s military • Made Germany pay War Reparations • Made Germany admit sole responsibility for World War I • Broke up the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which broke up ethnic groups.
Economic Crisis • World War I crushed the economies of the European nations. • Large debts • Losing countries struggled to pay reparations and the victorious nations counted on that payment to repay the United States. • Soldiers could not find jobs after the war. • October 29th, 1929 New York Stock Market crashed. • Great Depression • United States passed the Smoot-Hawley Tariff
Nationalism • Mass unemployment • Poverty • Despair • Unstable economy and societies, people lost confidence in their elected leaders. • People turned to political movements • Nationalism grew the most in the poorest countries. • Each country pushed for their own interest
The Rise of Totalitarianism • Totalitarian government • Dictatorship
Italy • Benito Mussolini • Fascism • Fascist Party • Constitutional Monarchy • Expansionism • Francisco Franco • Glorification of the State • Xenophobia and Racism • Pogroms
Japan • 1925 Japan allowed a switch from nobility and military to democratic ideals • Emperor Hirohito • Showa • Japanese army invaded Manchuria • Japanese military established control
Germany • Armed gangs of fascists and communists • NAZIS • Fuhrer – Adolf Hitler • Aryan Race • Genocide • Anti-Sematic • War Reparations • Scapegoating • Gestapo
The Union Of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR) • Joseph Stalin (1930) • Brutal violence • Had all opposition to Communism put to death. 1.5 to 7 million.
Rejection of Peace • 63 Nations signed the Paris Peace Pact (Kellogg-Briand Pact) • Except Russia • Promised to use negotiations rather than war to solve problems. • Except for self defense. • Germany Italy and Japan ignored the pact
Japanese Aggression • Invaded Manchuria • Withdrew from the League of Nations • China signed a treaty with Japan ceding Manchuria • Japan seized all major cities along the coast
Italian Aggression • Invaded Ethiopia • Joined forces with Germany • Joined the Rome/Berlin/Tokyo Axis (Axis Powers) • Allied Powers (Britain and France) • Italy invaded Albania
German Aggression • Hitler moved troops into the Rhineland • Annexed Austria • Annexed part of Czechoslovakia (Sudetenland) through Appeasement at the Munich conference. • Hitler agreed to a non aggression pact with Russia.
The Invasion of Poland-World War II Begins • Hitler took the rest of Czechoslovakia • Invaded Poland • Hitler used Blitzkrieg method • 1939 France and Britain declared war on Germany
The United States Remains Neutral • Strong Isolationists • Sad memories of World War I • Unpaid war debts from European countries • Afraid of another depression • Believed arms manufacturers and Wall Street pushed United States into World War I • Neutrality Acts • Passed the Ludlow Amendment • United States used a “cash and carry” policy
Germany Attacks France and Britain • Germany invaded • Denmark and Norway • Belgium and Holland • France • Winston Churchill new Prime Minister in Britain • Battle of Britain • RAF • Radar
United States Tries To Help • Peace time Draft • Franklin Roosevelt elected to 3rd term (4) • Continued to aid Great Britain • Selective Training and Service Act • Only excused by religious training and beliefs • Conscientious Objectors • Neutrality Policy hurt rather than helped • Lend Lease Act • Atlantic Charter • Soviet Union used the Scorched Earth Policy
The French Resistance • French Resistance • Communists and Non Communist • Charles de Gaulle • Forces of France
Problems In Southeast Asia • United States cut off