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The Fall of the Western Roman Empire: Key Events and Figures

The decline of the Western Roman Empire was marked by significant events and influential leaders. Emperor Constantine established Constantinople as the new center of power and issued the Edict of Milan in 313, promoting religious freedom. The sack of Rome by Alaric and the Visigoths in 410 and subsequent invasions by the Vandals and Huns exemplify the empire's vulnerability. Meanwhile, the Eastern Roman Empire saw Justinian's reign, noted for his legal reforms and military campaigns. The rise of the Franks further shaped the post-Roman landscape, continuing the spread of Christianity.

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The Fall of the Western Roman Empire: Key Events and Figures

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  1. Late Roman Empire

  2. Fall of (Western) Rome • Emperor lives at Constantinople • 313 Edict of Milan – religious freedom • 410 – Alaric (Master of Soldiers) of the Visigoths (Arians) sacks Rome • 409-429 – Vandals (Arians) invade Spain, then took all of northern Africa

  3. Attila the Hun, 440s

  4. Hun Empire

  5. Attila the Hun “Scourge of God” • 445 – Attila takes over Huns from brother Bleda • Terrorized central and northern Europe and Central Asia, Eastern Romans paid tribute • 451 – lost Battle of Catalaunian Plains to combined Roman and Visigoth forces • 452 – Pope Leo I persuaded him to not attack Rome

  6. Growth of The Franks

  7. Merovingian Dynasty of The Franks • 486-507 – Clovis conquers many parts of Gaul • Clovis = Louis • Converted to Roman Catholicism

  8. Meanwhile…over in the East • Justinian – “Last of the Romans”, Empress Theodora ruled alongside wisely • Roman Emperor from 527-565 • Builds Hagia Sofia (correction) • Belisarius – favorite general, successful in Persia and winning back Africa from Vandals, won Italy back temporarily • Stopped use of Latin in government, used Greek • Most famous for codifying Roman civil law

  9. Just before reconquest

  10. Just after reconquest

  11. Loss of Italy again

  12. After Justinian • High taxes to pay for western wars • Persia attacked Byzantines • 632 - Emperor Heraclius eventually prevailed, sacks Persepolis • Both empires devastated, unprepared for invading Muslim armies from Arabia • Many territories too tired, gladly accepted new rulers

  13. The state of the West • Visigoths, Ostrogoths, Vandals all weakened • Franks (the least Roman-educated group) poised to fill the vacuum left • Christianity still the predominant religion • Pope still in Rome

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