josef stalin

1. josefstalin Hae Sol Kim Mary Gad

2. origins- Stalin’s early life • Expelled from school right before he graduatedfor speaking out against the government • Joined underground revolutionary Marxist movement in Tpilisi • 1901- elected a member of the Tpilisi committee of the Russian Social Democratic Workers Party • Arrested and exiled to Siberia the following year • When the Communist Party split into two factions, he joined the Bolsheviks • After he escaped, he started organizing bank robberies and participated in congresses. • He met Lenin at one of the congresses and Lenin recruited him

3. Origins- Russia in the 1920s • Midst of a Social Revolution (Russian Revolution 1917-1918) • Already a single-party state: Communist Party • Lenin was the leader, but was very ill • Stalin vs Trotsky for Lenin’s position

4. v. • Trotsky (right) was a firm Marxist who wanted support for a worldwide revolution against capitalism • Trotsky wanted a Permanent Revolution • Stalin (left) wanted to work on socialist views in Russia first • Stalin’s supported a Socialism in One Country idea, which meant that he would try to change Russia into a full-on communist country first. It was more ideal and practical, so more followers supported him instead of Lenin. • Stalin put his supporters into top jobs and isolated Trotsky in his own party

5. Origins- Emergence of a leader • Stalin got rid of all opposition by turning the party against the three main rivals- Trotsky, Kamenev and Zinoviev. He betrayed Kamenev and Zinoviev after they ruined their reputations trying to get rid of Trotsky. • He believed that Russia was behind the world by 50 years, so Russia needs to catch up in 10 years. This led to his 5-year plan. • He had two aims: a centrally planned economy (planned economy) and a totalitarian system of government • As General Secretary of the Communist Party, Stalin was able to consolidate his power • Used Lenin’s death as a way to gain popular support

6. Establishment- methods • He presented himself as patient and calm, and as a role of the administrator everywhere he went- he appealed to his colleagues • He stood behind the scenes of any drama, although he was the catalyst for most of it, and gained the people’s trust • His ideal for socialism in Russia provided people with long-awaited stability • He cunningly put his fellow party members against each other, while playing the role of mediator and the one who implemented the will of the majority • Power was his in 1928

7. Rule- policies • 5 Year Plans- He had roughly thirteen 5-year plans, but the first one is his most famous. • First 5 Year Plan- (1928-1932) • In 1928, Stalin outlined the 1st of many five-year plans for development of the USSR’s economy • The five-year plans set unrealistic quotas to increase the output of steel, coal, oil, and electricity • To try and reach these unrealistic quotas, the government limited consumer production • People faced shortages of housing, food, clothing and other goods • People were not allowed to eat if they did not work- no revolts • The government controlled every aspect of the worker’s life, which took a toll on peoples personal lives. • It was ultimately a success, and he achieved his quota in four years instead of the designated five.

8. Rule-policies • The second Five-Year Plan (1933-37) continued and expanded the first. • The third plan (1938-42) was interrupted by World War II. • The fourth covered the years 1946-50, the fifth 1951-55. The sixth plan (1956-60) was discarded in 1957, primarily because it overcommitted available resources and could not be fulfilled. • It was replaced by a Seven-Year Plan (1959-65), which fell far short of estimated increases in agricultural (especially wheat) production. • The Seven-Year Plan was considered the start of a longer period (20 years) devoted to the establishment of the material and technical basis of a Communist society. • The late 1960s and early 1970s saw increased emphasis placed on consumer goods, and the 9th Five-Year Plan (1971-75) for the first time gave priority to light industry rather than heavy industry. • The agricultural sector still grew far less than projected in the 10th (1976-80) and 11th (1981-85) Five-Year Plans, and overall economic performance was poor. • The 12th and final Five-Year Plan (1986-90) projected increases in consumer goods and energy savings, but the economy began to slide, shrinking by 4% in 1990. The dissolution of the Soviet Union made the formation of a 13th Five-Year Plan a moot point.

9. RULE- policies • Collectivism • In 1925, the government seized 25 million privately owned farms • The government combined them into collective farms • Peasants resisted the government and Stalin used terror and violence to force the peasants to work • Stalin used terror and violence to force peasants to work on the collectives • Between 5 and 10million peasants died as a result of Stalin’s agricultural policies • Caused widespread famine later on

10. Rule- social freedoms • The government controlled everything- including all aspects fo media • If people tried to read/write something else, they were punished severely or sent off to labor camps • He developed a “personality cult”- pictures, poems and novels glorifying Stalin. This was called “Social Realism” • Rigid program of discipline and education. Exams re-introduced (Originally banned by Lenin) • Attack on religions- churches shut down • Children expected to join youth organizations to be a good communist • Better working image created for women by state

11. Rule: Maintaining Power • Police Terror • Used terror and violence to force obedience • Monitored telephone lines, read mail, planted informers Lavrent Beria (right): head of secret police

12. Rule: Maintaining Power • From 1936-38 known as “The Great Terror” – over 3 million executed and sent to labor camps between 37-38 • Show trials • Important officials arrested, tortured, confessions (Zinoiev, and Kamenev) • Many of the most competent government officials and about half of the military officers were executed or jailed; • Purges successful in eliminating alternative leaders and into terrorizing masses into obedience

13. Rule: Maintaining Power 2) Indoctrination and Propaganda • Stalin relied on indoctrination • Party leaders lectured workers and peasants on the ideals of communism • The State supported youth groups and used them as training grounds for future party members

14. Rule: Maintaing Power • The government controlled all education from nursery school to the university • School children learned the virtues of the Communist Party • They party also set up youth programs called Komsomols

15. Rule-Maintaining Power • Soviet newspapers and radio broadcasts glorified the achievements of Communism and Stalin • Soviet Realism was an artistic styles that praised Soviet way of life

16. Rule: Maintaining Power • Restrictions were set on paintings in that they could only portray political figures and exemplary workers in factories and in the fields. • Literature was also censored and authors could only write their novels on a limited amount of themes that were considered permissible by Stalin. 

17. Rule: Maintaining Power • Film • Lenin’s idea that film was “the art of the 20th century” and that it should be used as a propaganda medium. Stalin strongly agreed. • He built hundreds of theatres across the country and used film as a form of his propaganda. • Made sure that all films glorified his policies • He also made sure that the movies showed how “happy” the Russian people were with their regime and him as their leader.

18. Rule: Maintaining Power Censorship • Stalin would not tolerate individual creativity that threatened conformity • Government controlled all newspapers, motion pictures, radio and other sources of information

19. Weapons of Totalitarianism Religious Persecution • Communists aimed to replace religious teachings with the ideals of Communism • The Russian Orthodox Church was the main target of persecution • Roman Catholics and Jews were also persecuted

20. Impact- foreign policy • Rivaled with Western allies for world influence • Convinced China to ally with them in communist ways under Mao Zhedong • Eastern Europe and Eastern Germany was under Stalin’s rule • Stalin forced seized power in Czechoslovakia • Backed communist parties in Italy, France and Vietnam, and supported North Korea’s communist dictatorship • In the 1940s, US sympathy dropped, and thus the Cold War began.

21. Impact- cold war • USA and USSR both believed that they held the key to the future of the human race • Stalin could not forgive US and Britain for helping the Whites against the Bolsheviks • He believed that they delayed D-Day so that Nazis could destroy Russia • Stalin wanted to turn countries communist, (eastern european) and US wanted to stop him • Fulton Speech and Marshall Plan went against what was agreed upon at the Yalta conference (buffer states) but Marshall took an aggressive stance against Stalin • Cold war started with Berlin Blockade. Then, they started competition for world domination

22. bibliography • “A  Cold War 1945-63." Cold War 1945-63. 06 Jan. 2013 http://www.johndclare.net/Basics_ColdWar.htm. • "Life in USSR under Stalin." History Learning Site. 06 Jan. 2013 <http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/Stalins%2520Russia.htm>. • McCauley, Martin. The Stalin file. London: Batsford, 1979. • Simmonds, George W. "Joseph Stalin." Joseph Stalin. 06 Jan. 2013 <http://www.davidstuff.com/historical/stalin.htm>. • "Stalin's Russia." ThinkQuest. Oracle Foundation. 06 Jan. 2013 <http://library.thinkquest.org/C0112205/stalinsrussia.html>. • Tucker, Robert C. . Stalin in power. New York: W.W. Norton, 1992.