1 / 36

Fluid Power Hydraulic Cylinders

Fluid Power Hydraulic Cylinders. Tim Hague Nick Burdg. Function of Hydraulic Cylinders. The main function of a cylinder is to convert hydraulic power into linear mechanical force. This force performs work or transmits power. Overview. Types of Cylinders Construction and Operation

jonathon
Télécharger la présentation

Fluid Power Hydraulic Cylinders

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Fluid PowerHydraulic Cylinders Tim Hague Nick Burdg

  2. Function of Hydraulic Cylinders • The main function of a cylinder is to convert hydraulic power into linear mechanical force. • This force performs work or transmits power.

  3. Overview • Types of Cylinders • Construction and Operation • Cylinder Ratings • Formulas for Application • Cylinder Features • Installation and Trouble Shooting

  4. Types of Cylinders • Ram • Single Acting • Telescopic • Spring Return • Double Acting

  5. Ram Cylinders • The simplest single acting cylinder • One fluid chamber • Exerts force in only one direction • Mounted mostly vertically • The cylinder retracts by the force of the load due to gravity

  6. Ram Cylinders • Ram cylinders are most commonly used in elevators, jacks, and automobile hoists. • Can also be used on a scissors lift like the one on the loading dock of KL.

  7. Single Acting Cylinders • Acts much like a ram cylinder • Main difference is that the single acting cylinder uses a piston. The leakage flow that goes past the piston is ported the tank.

  8. Telescopic Cylinders • Mostly a single acting cylinder • Series of rod segments called sleeves, most common to only have 4 or 5 sleeves in each cylinder • The sleeves work together to provide a longer stroke • The maximum force is at the collapsed position • The speed will increase at each stage, but will not allow as much force.

  9. Telescopic Cylinders • Most commonly seen in high reach Fork Lifts

  10. Spring Return Cylinders • Considered a single acting cylinder • Pressure applied to the cap end pushes the spring down as the rod is extending • When the pressure is removed the spring force allows the cylinder to retract • The drain is in the spring chamber and allows the leakage flow past the piston seal

  11. Double Acting CylindersTypes • Basic double acting (differential cylinder) • Double rod cylinder (nondifferential cylinder) • Tandem cylinder

  12. Double Acting Cylinders • Most common type of cylinder • Pressure is applied to both rod end and cap end • The majority of the cylinders are basic. This means that there is unequal areas at either end.

  13. Double Acting Cylinders • Rod extension is slower because has a larger area, but allows a greater force because of the bigger area. • Retract is faster because of the smaller area, but the force allowed is smaller because of the smaller area.

  14. Basic Double Acting Cylinder

  15. Double Acting CylindersDouble Rod Cylinder • Nondifferential type cylinder • Same areas at both ends of the cylinder if the rods are the same size • Provides equal force, and equal speed in both directions

  16. Double Acting CylindersTandem Cylinder • Two pistons in line with a common rod • This allows you to have a greater forces without increasing the size of the cylinder bore • Tandem cylinders are used in places where there is insufficient space to increase the size of the cylinder bore.

  17. Cylinder Construction

  18. Cylinder Actuation • Fluid routed to and from cylinder through ports in each of the heads • Cylinder retracts from pressure to rod end port and the other port connected to tank • Cylinder extends from pressure to cap end port and rod end port connected to tank

  19. Cylinder Mounting • Main function to anchor the cylinder • Mounting methods include tie rod, bolt mount, flange, trunnion, side lug and side tapped, and clevis • Tie rod is most common

  20. Cylinder Mounting

  21. Cylinder Mounting

  22. Cylinder Ratings • Ratings include size specifications and pressure capability • Size specifications - piston diameter (bore) - rod diameter - stroke length • Pressure capability - pressure rating established by manufacturer - rating limits maximum force capability

  23. Formulas For Applications • V (in/min) = GPM x (231 / Area (in²)) • Q (flow) = Area (in²) x V (in/min) / 231 • F (lbs) = Pressure (psi) x Area (in²) • P (psi) = Force (lbs) / Area (in²)

  24. Effects of Cylinder Performance for Changes of Flow, Size, and Pressure

  25. Data for Different Cylinder Sizes

  26. Cylinder Features • Basic size and pressure ratings are not the only things that define a cylinder • Features such as: - seals - cushions - stop tubes - rod spacers - ports - bleed ports -limit switches

  27. Seals • Cast iron is most common piston seal • Long service life is most important characteristic • Rubber-like materials are the most common rod seal • Rod wiper or scraper keeps foreign material from entering the cylinder and the hydraulic system

  28. Cylinder Cushions • Used to slow down the piston at the end of its stroke • Basic elements include the plunger, adjustable cushion orifice, and a check valve

  29. Stop Tubes • Metal collar that fits over piston rod next to piston • Used primarily on long stroke cylinders • Provides better cylinder rod support • Majority of applications do not require a stop tube

  30. Tie Rod Spacers • Tie rod spacers and center supports improve rigidity of long stroke tie rod cylinders • Spacer keeps proper position and prevents excessive deflection • Tie rod center support has side mounting lugs and serves as additional mounting location

  31. Ports • Internal or external opening in a cylinder or a valve • Designed to allow the passing of fluid into or out of the component • Wide variety of port type configurations • Straight thread O-ring fittings are highly recommended for leak-free connections • Poor installation of tubing or hose to port causes leakage

  32. Bleed Ports • Usually cylinders bleed air when ports are vertical on top • Bleed ports are necessary to remove trapped air when the ports are installed on the bottom of the cylinder • Desirable on high speed, high performance, heavy load applications

  33. Limit Switches • Signal rod position to a control circuit or a safety circuit to limit end of travel • Common types -mechanical = mechanical actuation of electrical switch when switch is activated by lead angle on a hardened cylinder cushion - proximity = activated when metal cushion passes close to magnetic pickup of the switch * becoming increasingly popular due to simplicity

  34. Cylinder Installation and Troubleshooting • Cylinder application design » hydraulic engineers • Installation » hydraulic technician • Proper installation and maintenance is crucial to all components to achieve max efficiency • Recognizing and controlling potential problems is purpose of troubleshooting

  35. Design Problem A dump truck to lift 5 ton. Specify a cylinder. Velocity in retract is 15 in/sec Stroke = 18 in P = 2000 psi

  36. References • Eaton-Vickers Text, Industrial Hydraulics Manual 4th Edition 2001 • www.parker.com • www.airlinehyd.com • www.caterpillar.com • www.duramastercylinders.com

More Related