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Earthquake Test Review

Earthquake Test Review. Next. Which type of stress stretches rock?. Compression. Shearing. Tension. Diversion. This is a break or a crack in the rock. Fault. Fissure. Fracture. Mine. This type of fault is caused by compression. Normal. Reverse. Strike-slip. Oblique strike-slip.

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Earthquake Test Review

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  1. Earthquake TestReview Next

  2. Which type of stress stretches rock? Compression Shearing Tension Diversion

  3. This is a break or a crack in the rock. Fault Fissure Fracture Mine

  4. This type of fault is caused by compression. Normal Reverse Strike-slip Oblique strike-slip

  5. The type of fault shown below: Normal Reverse Strike-slip Oblique strike-slip

  6. Which type of stress creates the fault below: Tension converging compression shearing

  7. The location where an earthquake begins epicenter fault line focus seismograph

  8. The point directly above the focus. Seismogram Epicenter Stress Fracture

  9. All earthquakes happen at plate boundaries True False

  10. The waves that move out in all directions from the focus on an earthquake. Seismic waves Sonic waves Sound waves Sonar waves

  11. Type of seismic wave that does the most damage. Primary Wave Secondary Wave Surface Wave Sound wave

  12. The first type of wave to arrive at a seismograph station. Primary Wave Surface Wave Secondary Wave Sound wave

  13. This type of wave travels only through solids. Primary Wave Surface Wave Secondary Wave Sound wave

  14. How many seismograph stations are needed to determine the epicenter? One Two Three Four

  15. This measures the amount of energy released by an earthquake. Intensity Strength Depth Magnitude

  16. The magnitude scale used today. Mercalli scale Richter Scale Moment Magnitude Scale Seismograph Scale

  17. Earthquakes can be predicted. True False

  18. Woohoo! You finished the review. Good job!

  19. Types of Stress Three main types of stress: 5.1 Interactions at Plate Boundaries • Tension: rocks are stretched • Compression: rocks are squeezed • Shear: rocks slide horizontal in opposite directions Return to quiz

  20. Fractures and Faults A fracture is a break or crack in rock. 5.1 Interactions at Plate Boundaries • If rock on side of a fracture has moved relative to the other side it is called a fault. • Three main types of faults • Normal faults • Reverse faults • Strike-slip faults Return to quiz

  21. Reverse Faults Reverse faults result from compression stress and slope at an angle. Hanging wall up relative to footwall. 5.1 Interactions at Plate Boundaries Return to quiz

  22. Normal Faults Normal faults result from tension stress and slope at an angle. Hanging wall down relative to footwall. 5.1 Interactions at Plate Boundaries Return to quiz

  23. Strike-Slip Faults Strike-slip faults result from shearing stress and are often vertical. San Andreas Fault in California. (p.212) 5.1 Interactions at Plate Boundaries Return to quiz

  24. Focus & Epicenter The focus is the location on the fault where an earthquake begins. 6.1 Earthquakes and Plate Boundaries • The closer the focus is to the surface, the stronger the shaking will be. • The point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus is the epicenter. Return to quiz

  25. Focus & Epicenter The focus is the location on the fault where an earthquake begins. 6.1 Earthquakes and Plate Boundaries • The closer the focus is to the surface, the stronger the shaking will be. • The point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus is the epicenter. Return to quiz

  26. Earthquakes Away from Plate Boundaries Not all earthquakes happen at plate boundaries. New Madris Earthquakes of 1911 6.1 Earthquakes and Plate Boundaries • Millions of years ago, a long zone of intense faulting was formed when the crust began to pull apart, but did not break completely. • Today, the crust is being compressed, or squeezedtogether. (p. 246) Return to quiz

  27. Seismic Wave Waves of energy that are produced at the focus of an earthquake. 6.2 Earthquakes and Seismic Waves • Waves move outwardfrom the focus in alldirections. • 3 main types of seismic waves. Return to quiz

  28. 3. Surface Waves 6.2 Earthquakes and Seismic Waves Return to quiz

  29. 1. Primary Waves (P-waves) 6.2 Earthquakes and Seismic Waves Return to quiz

  30. 2. Secondary Waves (S-waves) 6.2 Earthquakes and Seismic Waves Return to quiz

  31. Locating an Epicenter Triangulation is used to locate the epicenter. 6.3 Measuring Earthquakes • This method is based on the speeds of the seismic waves. • At least three seismographs must record the distances. Return to quiz

  32. Measuring Earthquake Size Magnitude measures the amount of energy released by an earthquake. 6.3 Measuring Earthquakes • Determined by the buildup of elastic strain energy in the crust, at place where rupture occurs • Magnitude scale is based on record of height of ground motion and ranges from 0–9. • Richter Magnitude Scale Return to quiz

  33. Moment Magnitude Scale Used today because it is a more accurate scale for measuring earthquake size. 6.3 Measuring Earthquakes • Based on the amount of energy released during an earthquake. Return to quiz

  34. Predicting Earthquakes At this time, geologists cannot predict earthquakes. Geologists can, however, determine the seismic risk by locating active faults and where past earthquakes have occurred. Geologists create seismic risk maps. (p.274) 6.3 Measuring Earthquakes Return to quiz

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