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United Nations Millennium Goals

United Nations Millennium Goals. Developmental Goals from 1990 to 2015. What are the Millennium Goals?. The Millennium Goals were adopted in 2000 by the United Nations General Assembly in order to promote their six fundamental values.

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United Nations Millennium Goals

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  1. United Nations Millennium Goals Developmental Goals from 1990 to 2015

  2. What are the Millennium Goals? The Millennium Goals were adopted in 2000 by the United Nations General Assembly in order to promote their six fundamental values.

  3. Values of the Untied Nations (Directly from the United Nations Millennium Declaration) • Freedom • Men and women have the right to live their lives and raise their children in dignity, free from hunger and from the fear of violence, oppression or injustice. Democratic and participatory governance based on the will of the people best assures these rights. • Equality • No individual and no nation must be denied the opportunity to benefit from development. The equal rights and opportunities of women and men must be assured.

  4. Values of the Untied Nations con’t • Solidarity • Global challenges must be managed in a way that distributes the costs and burdens fairly in accordance with basic principles of equity and social justice. Those who suffer or who benefit least deserve help from those who benefit most. • Tolerance • Human beings must respect one another, in all their diversity of the belief, culture and language. Differences within and between societies should be neither feared nor repressed, but cherished as a precious asset of humanity. A culture of peace and dialogue among all civilizations should be actively promoted.

  5. Values of the Untied Nations con’t • Respect for Nature • Prudence must be shown in the management of all living species and natural resources, in accordance with the precepts of sustainable development. Only in this way can the immeasurable riches provided to us by nature be preserved and passed on to our descendants. The current unsustainable patterns of production and consumption must be changed in the interest of our future welfare and that of our descendants.

  6. Values of the Untied Nations con’t • Shared Responsibility • Responsibility for managing worldwide economic and social development, as well as threats to international peace and security must be shared among the nations of the world and should be exercised multilaterally. As the most universal and most representative organization in the world, the United Nations must play the central role.

  7. Poverty

  8. What are the goals? Reduce the following by ½. 1. The proportion of people whose income is less than $1 a day 2. The proportion of people who suffer from hunger Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people

  9. Global World Progress Poverty rates fell from 46% in 1990 to 27% in 2005. In East Asia the poverty rate fell from 60% to 20% in 25 years. The amount of children underweight under the age of 5 has dropped from 31% to 26% from 1990 to 2008.

  10. Lack of Global Progress In 2008 the World Bank stated that roughly 920 million people will still be living under $1.25 a day (the international poverty line). Malnutrition has risen since 1990 from 815 million sufferers to an estimated 925 million this year.

  11. Where is Haiti? Haiti is one of the poorest countries in the world with more than 60% of the population living on less than a dollar a day. Rural households spend almost 60% of their income on food; the poorest groups spend more than 70%. Assessments show that 3 million people may need humanitarian relief, including food assistance, in the wake of the earthquake. Even before the quake, 1.9 million people were ‘food insecure’, meaning they needed assistance to stave off hunger. Only 50% of Haiti population has access to safe drinking water.

  12. Poverty Statistics • Percentage of population living on less than one dollar per day (%): • 2001: 54.9 • Employment to population ratio (%): • 1995: 53.4 • 2000: 55.4 • 2005: 55.0 • 2008: 55.4 • Proportion of employed living on less than one dollar per day (%): • 2001: 66.9 • Unemployment Rate (%): • 1990: 23.6 • 2001: 17.9

  13. Where is the United States? In 2009, 43.6 million people (14.3%) were in poverty. In 2009, 24.7 million (12.9%) of people aged 18-64 were in poverty. In 2009, 15.5 million (20.7%) children under the age of 18 were in poverty. In 2009, 50.2 million Americans lived in food insecure households, 33 million adults and 17.2 million children In 2009, households with children reported food insecurity at almost double the rate for those without children, 21.3% compared to 11.4%.

  14. Poverty Statistics • Percentage of population living on less than one dollar per day (%): • 2001: 1 • Employment to population ratio (%): • 1995: 60.6 • 2000: 62.0 • 2005: 60.0 • 2008: 59.2 • Unemployment Rate (%): • 1990: 11.2 • 1995: 12.5 • 2000: 9.3 • 2005: 11.3 • 2007: 10.5

  15. Education

  16. What are the goals? Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling

  17. Global progress • Enrollment in primary education has continued to rise, reaching 89% in the developing world in 2008. • In Tanzania, the enrolment ratio had doubled to 99.6% by 2008, compared to 1999 rates. • In Ethiopia, net enrolment was 79% in 2008, an increase of 95% since 2000. By 2008, more than 1,000 schools were built and almost 28,000 students enrolled in Botswana, Egypt and Malawi. About 69 million school-age children were not going to school in 2008, down from 106 million children in 1999.

  18. Lack of Global progress (Sub-Saharan Africa) More than 30%of primary school students drop out before reaching a final grade. It is estimated that double the current number of teachers would be needed in sub-Saharan Africa in order to meet the primary education target by 2015. To achieve the goal by the target date, all children at official entry age for primary schooling would have had to be attending classes by 2009. Instead, in ½ of nations in this region, at least 1 in 4 children of enrollment age was not attending school in 2008.

  19. Where is Haiti? Haiti has a literacy rate of 53%. Falling below the 90% average of the Latin American and Caribbean countries. They face a shortage of teachers, supplies and schools. School attendance was at 60% in 2000. Haiti counts 15,200 primary schools, of which 90% are non-public and managed by the communities, religious organizations or NGOs. The enrollment rate for primary school is 67%, of which less than 30% reach 6th grade. Secondary schools enroll 20% of eligible-age children.

  20. Education Statistics • Net enrollment in education (%): • 1991: 21.5 • Percentage of girls: • 1991: 20.9 • Percentage of boys: • 1991: 22.1 • Proportion of students that start first grade and graduate primary school (%): • 1991: 27.4 • Percentage of girls: • 1991: 28.6 • Percentage of boys: • 1991: 26.1

  21. Education Statistics • Net enrollment in education (%): • 1991: 98.6 • Percentage of girls: • 1991: 98.6 • Percentage of boys: • 1991: 98.7

  22. Where is the United States? In the year 2000, there were 76.6 million students enrolled in schools from kindergarten through graduate schools. Among the country's adult population, over 85% have completed high school and 27% have received a bachelor’s degree or higher. • The country has a reading literacy rate at 99% of the population over age 15. • In 2008, there was a 77% graduation rate from high school. • Of the adults 25 and up: • 87% Graduated High School • 38% Associate’s/Bachelor’s • 8% Master Degree • 2% Doctor of Professional Degree

  23. Gender Equality

  24. What are the Goals? Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education (preferably by 2005) and in all levels of education by 2015.

  25. Global Progress For girls in some regions, educations remains elusive. The developing regions as a whole are approaching gender parity in educational enrolment. In 2008, there were 96 girls for every 100 boys enrolled in primary school, and 95 girls for every 100 boys enrolled in secondary school. In 1999, the ratios were 91:100 and 88:100 for the two levels of education, respectively.

  26. Global Progress con’t Despite these increasing ratios and percent ages, the 2005 target was missed and there are still large inequality gaps in primary education in Oceania, sub-Saharan Africa and Western Asia. In the sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia regions, only 67 and 76 girls per 100 boys are enrolled in tertiary education. Completion of education tends be lower among women than men.

  27. Lack of Global Progress Poverty is the main cause of unequal access to education, particularly for girls of secondary-school age. Women and girls in many parts of the world are forced to spend many hours fetching water, and girls often do not attend school because of a lack of decent sanitation facilities. Also, if they get pregnant, many are not allowed to continue school.

  28. Equality in the Workforce Despite progress made, men continue to outnumber women in paid employment, and women are often relegated to vulnerable forms of employment. The share of women in paid non-agricultural wage employment is slowly increasing and globally reached 41% in 2008. It is still as lose as 20% in Southern Asia, Northern Africa and Western Asia, and 32% in sub-Saharan Africa.

  29. Equality in Politics Women are slowly gaining political power, mainly thanks to quotas and special measures. Between 1995 and 2010, the share of women in parliament, on a global level, increased from 11% to 19% — a gain of 73%, but far short of gender parity. 58 countries still have 10% or fewer female members of parliament.

  30. Equality in Politics Progress in women’s representation in the executive branches of government is even slower. In 2010, just nine of 151 elected heads of state and 11 of 192 heads of government were women. Globally, women hold only 16% of ministerial posts.

  31. Global Progress Providing secondary school stipends for girls in Bangladesh: The Female Secondary School Stipend program in Bangladesh has provided money directly to girls and their families to cover tuition and other costs, on the condition that they enroll in secondary school and remain unmarried until the age of 18. By 2005, girls accounted for 56% of secondary school enrolment in the areas covered by the program, compared with 33% in 1991.

  32. Global Progress Furthering women’s empowerment in Mexico: Mexicohas developed an innovative federal program called Generosidad that awards a “Gender Equity Seal” to private firms. Seals are granted through an independent evaluation that assesses a company’s achievement of specific standards related to gender equity, including recruitment, career advancement, training and reducing sexual harassment. By 2006, 117 companies had obtained the Seal. Similar initiatives have been launched in Brazil, Costa Rica and Egypt.

  33. What is the UN Doing? The UN Population Fund (UNFPA) and the UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF) are working in a joint program to reduce female genital mutilation and cutting by 40% between 2008 and 2012 in a number of countries. In Cambodia, an initiative run by the UN Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM), in partnership with seven NGOs, provided training in political campaigning and governing 919 women candidates.

  34. What is the UN Doing? UNDP supports the participation of women in the political process in Rwanda. UNDP installed hundreds of diesel-run generators, known as multi-functional platforms, in rural areas across Burkina Faso, Mali and Senegal to help ease some of the most time-consuming chores for women, such as fetching water, grinding and milling. The UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization supports teacher training and the development of learning materials that promote gender equality.

  35. Where is the United States? • Ratio of girls to boys in secondary and tertiary school: • 1991: .98 • Share of women in non-agricultural jobs? • 46.6 • Percentage of seats held by women in the national parliament: • 1997: 11.7 • 2005: 14.9 • 2010: 16.8

  36. Where is Haiti? • Ratio of girls to boys in secondary and tertiary school: • 1991: .95 • Share of women in non-agricultural jobs? • 44.2 • Percentage of seats held by women in the national parliament: • 1997: 3.6 • 2005: 3.6 • 2010: 4.1

  37. Child Health

  38. What are the Goals? • Reduce the following by 2/3rds: • Reduce under-five mortality rate • Reduce infant mortality rate • Proportion of one-year old children against measles

  39. Global Progress The following countries have made significant strides and have reduced their child mortality rate by 50%: Bangladesh, Bolivia, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Liberia, Madagascar, Nepal, Timor-Leste, Turkmenistan • Mortality rate for children under five: • 1995: 99/1000 • 12.4 million children • 2009: 66/1000 • 8.1 million children

  40. Lack of Global Progress 64 countries still have high child mortality rates (defined as 40 or more deaths per 1000) and only 9 are on track to meeting the millennium goal Sub-Saharan Africa and East Asia have the highest mortality rates

  41. What Causes Child Mortality? • Most child mortalities are preventable. The causes of child mortality mostly consist of: • Death of curable diseases such as malaria, diarrhea, pneumonia • Lack of immunization • Undernutrition • Lack of clean drinking water

  42. Where is Haiti? According to the United Nations, Haiti is currently off track to meet the goals provided. • Although the mortality rates have been decreasing, they have not been decreasing at a quick enough rate to meet the 2015 goal of 2/3rds from 1990 to 2015 • This would have reduced under-five childhood mortality from 152.4 to 50.8 children per 1000 children

  43. Mortality Rates • Number of under-five mortalities per 1000 births: • 1990: 152.4 • 1995: 131.4 • 2000: 113.3 • 2005: 97.7 • 2009: 86.7 • Number of infant mortalities per 1000 births: • 1990: 105 • 1995: 98 • 2000: 78 • 2005: 62 • 2008: 54

  44. Undernutrition • Prevalence of moderately to severe underweight children under five (%): • 1990: 26.8 • 1995: 27.5 • 2000: 17.3 • 2006: 22.2 • Prevalence of severely underweight children under five (%): • 1990: No data • 1995: 8.1 • 2000: 3.7 • 2006: 6.0

  45. Immunization • Number of children immunized against measles (%): • 1990: 31 • 1995: 49 • 2000: 55 • 2005: 58 • 2008: 58

  46. Where is the United States? Although the United States has not minimized child mortality rates by 2/3rds, the current rate is extremely low and is not of a concern to the United Nations.

  47. Mortality Rates • Number of under-five mortalities per 1000 births: • 1990: 11.2 • 1995: 9.5 • 2000: 8.4 • 2005: 8.0 • 2009: 7.8 • Number of infant mortalities per 1000 births: • 1990: 9 • 1995: 8 • 2000: 7 • 2005: 7 • 2008: 7

  48. Undernutrition • Prevalence of moderately to severe underweight children under five (%): • 1991: 1.4 • 2002: 1.6 • 2006: No data • Prevalence of severely underweight children under five (%): • 1991: 0.1 • 2002: 0.0 • 2006: No data

  49. Immunization • Number of children immunized against measles (%): • 1990: 90 • 1995: 88 • 2000: 91 • 2005: 92 • 2008: 92

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