Fire Hoses, Nozzles, Portable lighting, appliances, and ladders.

1. Fire Hoses, Nozzles, Portable lighting, appliances, and ladders.

2. Sizes of Hoses • Fire hoses range in size from 1” to 6” in diameter a. small diameter hose – 1” to 2” 1. used in small outdoor fires b. medium diameter hose – 2 ½ “ to 3” 1. used to attack larger fires c. large diameter hose – 3 ½ or more

4. Types of Hoses • Booster hose – type of attack hose usually carried on a hose reel holding 150’ or 200’ of rubber hose; limited to small outdoor fires • Forestry lines- type of attack hose small in diameter, often used for fighting wildland and ground fires; sometimes extended for hundreds of feet • Soft suction hose- type of supply hose that is a short section of large diameter hose; used to connect fire department engine directly to the large streamer outlet on a hydrant • Hard suction hose- special type of supply hose; drafts water from a static source such as a river, lake or portable drafting basin

8. Functions of Fire Hoses • Hoses are used for two main purposes a. used to discharge water from an attack engine onto the fire b. used to deliver water to a fire department connection that supplies a standpipe or sprinkler system inside a building

9. Uses of Hoses designed to be used as either an attack or supply hose a. attack hose – withstands higher pressures when subjected to sharp surfaces, abrasions and other potentially damaging conditions b. supply hose – constructed to operate at lower pressures and in less severe operating conditions, but must still be durable and resist- ant to external damage

10. Explaining The Uses Nozzles, Hose Adapters, Hose Appliances

13. Uses of Nozzles • Defines the pattern and form of the water discharged onto the fire • Smooth bore or adjustable nozzles can both produce a fire stream • Nozzle discharge patterns first major distinction is between a fog stream and a straight stream

15. Hoses Adapters Appliances The conjunction of any device with a fire hose for the purpose of delivering water Wye, water thief, Siamese connection, double-male and female adaptors, reducers, hose clamps, hose jackets and hose rollers are all examples of hose appliances • Connects hose couplings of the same diameter having dissimilar threads • Connects threaded couplings to Storz-type couplings • Double male and double female adaptors commonly used to perform a reverse hose lay

18. Connecting A Fire Hose To A Hydrant Remove cap from outlet Look inside hydrant for any objects that may have been thrown inside Double check the remaining hydrant caps are snugly attached Place hydrant wrench on the stem nut; check top of hydrant for the arrow indicating which direction to turn the nut to open the hydrant valve Open the hydrant enough to determine there is a good flow of water and to flush any objects Shut off the flow of water Attach the hose or valve to the hydrant outlet

19. Analyzing Techniques Coupling/Extending Fire Hoses Demonstration • One set or pair of connection devices attached to a fire hose allowing hose to be interconnected to additional lengths of hose

20. Procedures for Inspection and Maintenance of Fire Hoses, Coupling and Nozzling • Common damage to hoses include mechanical causes, chemicals, heat, cold weather and mildew • Nozzles inspected on regular basis, along with all of the department equipment • Defective hoses must be marked; replace worn coupling gaskets

21. Procedures for Inspection and Maintenance of Fire Hoses, Coupling and Nozzling • Possible debris inside nozzle will affect the performance reducing flow • Any problems should be referred to a competent technician for repair

22. Illustrating Hydrant-To-Pumper Hose Connections

23. Uses For Portable Lighting • When emergency incidents happen at night • Illuminates the scene, enabling safe, efficient operations • Interior lighting essential due to heavy smoke blocking out natural • Different types of lighting equipment are used for different situations; spotlight projects a narrow concentrated beam of light and floodlights project a more diffuse light over a wide area

24. Identifying Ladder Components Basic Ladder Components Extension Ladder Components Pulley Fly section Bed section Halyard Dogs • Beams • Butt • Rail • Truss block • Rung • Tip

25. Identifying Types of Ladders Aerial Portable designed to be removed and used in other locations 1. straight 2. roof 3. extension 4. bangor 5. combination 6. folding 7. fresno 8. pompier • permanently mounted and power-operated from piece of fire apparatus 1. Vary in design and function 2. Often referred to as straight- stick aerials 3. has an elevated platform apparatus

26. Ladders

27. Importance of Ground Ladder Maintenance • Must be visually inspected at least once a month and after each use • Regular maintenance of keeping the ladder in proper operating condition • Should be cleaned regularly to remove road grime and dirt build-up • Service testing required periodically evaluating the continued usefulness of a ladder during its life

28. Procedures for Carrying, Positioning and Raising Ladders • Full turnout clothing and protective equipment are essential for working • Teamwork is essential • Must always use proper lifting techniques, coordinate all movements • Fire fighter should survey area where ladder is going to be used in case ladder is placed in potentially hazardous location • Rather than risking injury, it is better to ask for help especially over uneven terrain, through gates or over snow and ice

30. Significance of Safety In Climbing Ladders • Set at proper angle for maximum load capacity and safety, dogs must be locked and the halyard tied before anyone climbs to prevent from falls occuring • To prevent slipping, another fire fighter should secure the base by footing the ladder • Ladders should have ability to accommodate weight limit of 750 lbs or the equivalent to that of one person and two firefighters

31. Review • What type of ladder exponent is a halyard? • Name one importance of ground ladder maintenance? • Name two different types of hoses used for fire fighting? • Define coupling