1 / 66

August, 2006

Distribution. ED02. English. OS7400 Basic WAN & Router Operation. Module No. : STM #525. August, 2006. Mail to training@samsung.com. Objectives. After successful completion of the course the trainees should be able to execute the following activities. Can configure a Basic Router.

josephathompson
Télécharger la présentation

August, 2006

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Distribution ED02 English OS7400 Basic WAN & Router Operation Module No. : STM #525 August, 2006 Mail to training@samsung.com

  2. Objectives • After successful completion of the course the trainees should be able to execute the following activities. • Can configure a Basic Router. ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  3. Contents NLB & Transparent proxy ARP Hands on Practice Routing Overview Static, RIP & OSPF with Practice ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  4. NLB & Transparent proxy ARP ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  5. Network Load Balancing • Support the Multi-WAN function • Load Balancing • Can distribute the Internet access traffic to each external interface by using NLB • Weighted Round Robin • Failover function ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  6. INTERNET Load Balancing • Load Balancing according to specific services • Selectively connect to ADSL, Cable line according to IP addresses and Protocols • Use Private Line for important service • Classified by the destinations • Classified by the ports • Use ADSL for Internet • Use ADSL for less important service • Increase service stability and efficiency Private line ADSL PPPoE 1 192.168.1.2/26 Cable 1 192.168.1.200/26 192.168.1.1/26 -> ADSL 1 192.168.1.192/26 -> Cable 1 ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  7. INTERNET INTERNET Failover When the private line is out of order, you can’t connect to Internet. When the private line is out of order, you can connect to Internet with another line. private line ( E1, T1, … ) ADSL Cable ADSL private line ( E1, T1, … ) CSU CSU ADSL Modem ADSL Modem Cable Modem Router ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  8. NLB Configuration • Network Load Balance Configuration • Select [Network] - [NLB] -[Configuration] to set the network load balancing function. • The NLB configuration is valid when at least two network interfaces are specified as the external network interface. You can see external network interfaces! Should be the greatest common divisor (minimum irreducible unit) ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  9. NLB Configuration • Static Configuration ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  10. NLB Management • From the [Network]  [NLB]  [Management] menu, click the [Run] button to execute NLB. ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  11. Concept of Transparent Proxy ARP • Transparent Proxy ARP • Both interfaces (WAN/LAN) are connected as a bridge • Both interfaces are configured as same network • One interface is subnetwork of another interface • Configurations • Case 1 • All of the terminals, connected to two interfaces, are configured as hosts • Case 2 • One interface is configured as network and another interface is configured as hosts • Case 3 • Both interfaces are configured as the network • One interface must be subnetwork of another interface ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  12. Case 1 • All of the terminals, connected to two interfaces, are configured as hosts public 165.213.89.10 165.213.89.220 WAN LAN 165.213.89.20 165.213.89.239 165.213.89.200/24 165.213.89.5/24 165.213. 89.30 165.213.89.247 Transparent Proxy Transparent Proxy 165.213.89.220/32 165.213.89.10/32 165.213.89.239/32 165.213.89.20/32 165.213.89.247/32 165.213.89.30/32 ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  13. Case 2 • One interface is configured as network and another interface is configured as hosts public 165.213.89.10 165.213.89.220 WAN LAN 165.213.89.20 165.213.89.239 165.213.89.200/24 165.213.89.5/24 165.213.89.30 165.213.89.247 Transparent Proxy Transparent Proxy 165.213.89.0/24 165.213.89.10/32 165.213.89.20/32 165.213.89.30/32 ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  14. Case 3 • Both interfaces are configured as the network • One interface must be subnetwork of another interface public 165.213.89.10 165.213.89.220 WAN LAN 165.213.89.20 165.213.89.239 165.213.89.200/24 165.213.89.5/24 165.213.89.30 165.213.89.247 Transparent Proxy Transparent Proxy 165.213.89.0/24 165.213.89.0/26 ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  15. Hands on Practice of WAN ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  16. INTERNET INTERNET NLB Hands on Practice : Practice #1 SNAT GWIM ADSL Modem Eth1(ppp251): 211.54.31.160/26 GW 211.54.31.115 Eth0: 192.168.70.100/16 GW 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.1/16 211.54.31.115/26 SNAT SNAT Eth2: 10.0.0.1/8 10.0.0.10 • GWIM1 • NLB Enable • Traffic Load Balance (eth2 eth1 & eth0) NLB Weight  eth2 : eth0 = 1 : 1 ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  17. INTERNET INTERNET NLB Hands on Practice : Practice #2 (Static config.) SNAT GWIM ADSL Modem Eth0: 192.168.70.100/16 GW 192.168.0.1 Eth1(ppp251): 211.54.31.160/26 GW 211.54.31.115 192.168.0.1/16 211.54.31.115/26 SNAT SNAT Eth2: 10.0.0.1/8 10.0.0.10 • GWIM1 • NLB Enable • static Configuration send all packet to ppp251 ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  18. TP NLB Hands on Practice : Case2 • One interface is configured as network and another interface is configured as hosts public 165.213.89.10 165.213.89.220 WAN LAN 165.213.89.20 165.213.89.239 165.213.89.200/24 165.213.89.5/24 165.213.89.30 165.213.89.247 Transparent Proxy Transparent Proxy 165.213.89.0/24 165.213.89.10/32 165.213.89.20/32 165.213.89.30/32 ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  19. TP NLB Hands on Practice : Case3 • Both interfaces are configured as the network • One interface must be subnetwork of another interface public 165.213.89.10 165.213.89.220 WAN LAN 165.213.89.20 165.213.89.239 165.213.89.200/24 165.213.89.5/24 165.213.89.30 165.213.89.247 Transparent Proxy Transparent Proxy 165.213.89.0/24 165.213.89.0/26 ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  20. Layer 3 Routing Overview ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  21. Static Route Uses a route that a network administrator enters into the router manually Dynamic Route Uses a route that a network routing protocol adjusts automatically for topology or traffic changes Identifying Static and Dynamic Routes ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  22. Autonomous Systems: Interior or Exterior Routing Protocols EGPs: BGP IGPs: RIP, OSPF, IS-IS Autonomous System 200 Autonomous System 100 • An autonomous system is a collection of networks under a common administrative domain • IGPs operate within an autonomous system • EGPs connect different autonomous systems

  23. Administrative Distance: Ranking Routes I need to send a packet to Network E. Both router B and C will get it there. Which route is best? OSPFAdministrative Distance=110 Router A Router B RIPAdministrative Distance=120 E Router D Router C

  24. Classes of Routing Protocols B A C Distance Vector D Link State B A C D

  25. Routing information • Administrative distance ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  26. Routing information • Example • R : How the route was learned (RIP) • 172.16.8.0 : Destination logical network or subnet • 120 : Administrative distance • /2 : Metric Value • 00:00:23 : Age of entry • eth0 : Outgoing interface • Metric • If there are multiple paths within the AS from a router to a network, the router selects the path with the smallest hop count. • RIP : Hop Counts • OSPF : Bandwidth, Cost, …. R 172.16.8.0 [120/2] via 172.16.7.9, 00:00:23, eth0 ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  27. Static Route (example) 130.130.1.2/24 130.120.1.2/24 130.130.1.1/24 s0 s0 e0 B C 130.140.1.1/24 130.140.1.2/24 130.120.1.1/24 e0 e0 D 130.150.1.1/24 e0 A e1 e1 130.100.1.1/24 e1 130.150.1.2/24 E Router B ip route 130.100.1.0 255.255.255.0 130.120.1.1 • ip route 130.140.1.0 255.255.255.0 130.130.1.2 • ip route 130.150.1.0 255.255.255.0 130.130.1.2 ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  28. RIP • Use UDP datagram • UDP datagram Format • Metric: Hop Counts • Hop Count’s limit : 15 20 bytes 8 bytes ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  29. RIP • is based on distance vector routing, which uses the Bellman-Ford algorithm for calculating the routing tables. • Distance Vector Routing • each router periodically shares its knowledge about the entire internet with neighbors • the operational principles of this algorithm • Sharing knowledge about the entire autonomous system • Sharing only with neighbors • Sharing at regular intervals (ex, every 30 seconds) Distance Vector Routing Table ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  30. RIP • RIPv1 message format • Command : request (1) or response (2) • Version of RIPv1 : 1 • Address : destination network address • Distance : defining the hop count from the advertising router • to the destination network ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  31. RIP • RIPv2 message format command(1-6) Version(2) routing domain address family(2) Routing tag 32-bit IP address 20bytes 32-bit subnet mask 32-bit next-hop IP address metric(1-16) (up to 24 more roues, with same format as previous 20 bytes) Route Tag :carrying information such as the autonomous system number Subnet mask : carrying the subnet mask Next-hop address : showing the next hop ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  32. RIP • Timers in RIP • Periodic timer : controlling the advertisements of regular update messages • Expiration timer : governing the validity of a route • The garbage collection timer : advertising the failure of a route • Periodic timer • Controlling the advertising of regular update messages • Using random number between 25 to 35 seconds ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  33. RIP • Expiration timer • In normal situation, the new update for a route occurs every 30 seconds • But, if there is a problem on an Internet and no update is received within the allotted 180 seconds, the route is considered expired and the hop count of the route is set to 16. • Each router has its own expiration timer. • Garbage Collection Timer • When the information about a route becomes invalid, the router continues to advertise the route with a metric value of 16 and the garbage collection timer is set to 120 sec for that route • When the count reaches zero, the route is purged from the table. ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  34. RIP • Timer Example • A routing table has 20 entries. It does not receive information about five routes for 200 seconds. How many timers are running at this time? • The timers are listed below: • Periodic timer: 1 • Expiration timer: 20 - 5 = 15 • Garbage collection timer: 5 ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  35. 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 RIPv1(Broadcast) 224.0.0.9 224.0.0.9 RIPv2(Multicast) RIP • Routing update ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  36. RIP • Routing update ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  37. RIP • RIP (Example) Router C router rip network 130.130.1.0/24 network 130.140.1.0/24 130.130.1.2/24 130.120.1.2/24 130.130.1.1/24 s0 s0 e0 B C 130.140.1.1/24 130.140.1.2/24 130.120.1.1/24 e0 e0 D 130.150.1.1/24 e0 A e1 e1 130.100.1.1/24 e1 130.150.1.2/24 E Router A router rip network 130.100.1.0/24 network 130.120.1.0/24 Router B router rip network 130.120.1.0/24 network 130.130.1.0/24 Router D router rip network 130.140.1.0/24 network 130.150.1.0/24 Router E router rip network 130.150.1.0/24 ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  38. OSPF • Characteristics • In a distance-vector protocol, each router sends and receives the messages which contain a vector of distances. (hop counts) • In a link-state protocol, each router actively tests the status of its link to each of its neighbors, sends this info. to its other neighbors, which then propagate it throughout the AS. • From a practical perspective, the important difference is that a link-state protocol will always converge faster than a distance vector protocol. Backbone router Area border router Area 0 Internal router Area 1 Area n ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  39. OSPF • Features that make OSPF superior to RIP • OSPF can calculate a separate set of routes for each IP type-of-service. • Each interface is assigned a dimensionless cost.(throughput, RTT, etc.) • Load balancing: When several equal-cost routes to a destination, OSPF distributes traffic equally among the routes. • OSPF supports subnets. • Point-to-point links bet’n routers do not need an IP addr. at each end. • A simple authentication scheme can be used. • OSPF uses multicasting instead of broadcasting. ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  40. OSPF • RIP vs OSPF Function/Feature RIPv1 RIPv2 OSPF Standard number RFC 1058 RFC 1723 RFC 2178 Link-state protocol No No Yes Large range of metrics Hop count(16 = infinity) Hop count(16 = infinity) Yes, based on 1-65,535 Update policy Routing table every 30 seconds Routing table every 30 seconds When link state change Or every 30 minutes Update address Broadcast Broadcast, multicast multicast Dead interval 300 seconds total 300 seconds total Variable settings Supports authentication No Yes Yes Convergence time Media delay + Dead interval Variable(based on Number of routers * DI) Variable(based on Number of router * DI) Variable-length subnets NO Yes Yes Type of service(TOS) NO NO Yes Network diameter 15 hops 15 hops 65,355 possible ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  41. OSPF • OSPF Message Format ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  42. OSPF • Hierarchical Routing • Consists of areas and autonomous systems • Minimize routing update traffic Area 0 Area 1 Area 2 Autonomous System ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  43. Area 0 Area 1 Area 2 Area 3 OSPF • The Backbone and Virtual Links • Backbone center of communication • Virtual link provide path to backbone • Avoid configuring virtual link if possible ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  44. OSPF • Link-State DB & Advertisement • Link-State DB • represents the network topology • shared with OSPF routers in same area • LSA (Link-State Advertisement) • sourced by router connected to link • flooded by all other routers in area • transmitted at each link-state change LSA ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  45. OSPF • Link-State Advertisement Operation LSA LSA LSA Is entry in topological database Y LSA received reset timer for entry flood LSA N add to database run SPF to caculate new table ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  46. OSPF • Type of Link-State Packets external network ABR ASBR router summary OSPF routing table external AS O - OSPF derived intra-area (router) IA - inter-area (summary) E1 - type 1 external E2 - type 2 external ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  47. OSPF • Configuration Example 130.120.1.2/24 130.130.1.1/24 s0 s0 e0 B C Area 2 130.140.1.1/24 Area 0 130.140.1.2/24 130.120.1.1/24 e0 e0 D 130.150.1.1/24 e0 A e1 e1 130.100.1.1/24 e1 130.150.1.2/24 Area 1 E Router B router ospf network 130.130.1.0/24 area0 network 130.120.1.0/24 area1 Router C router ospf network 130.130.1.0/24 area0 network 130.140.1.0/24 area2 Router D router ospf network 130.140.1.0/24 area2 network 130.150.1.0/24 area2 ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  48. 130.130.1.2/24 130.120.1.2/24 130.130.1.1/24 s0 s0 e0 B C Area 2 130.140.1.1/24 Area 0 130.140.1.2/24 130.120.1.1/24 e0 e0 D 130.150.1.1/24 e0 Area 3 A e1 e1 130.100.1.1/24 e1 130.150.1.2/24 Area 1 E OSPF Router C router ospf 100 network 130.130.1.0 area 0 network 130.140.1.0 area 2 area 2 virtual-link 130.150.1.1 • Virtual Link Example Router D router ospf 100 network 130.140.1.0 area 2 network 130.150.1.0 area 3 area 2 virtual-link 130.140.1.1 ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  49. Static Routing Configuration ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

  50. Configure Static Route • Configuration • Configure routing entry using static route. • We can use Default GW option of Interface 165.213.100.0 165.213.89.237 Network 165.213.89.238 ip route 165.213.100.0 255.255.255.0 165.213.89.238 or ip route 165.213.100.0/24 165.213.89.238 ⓒ SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd.

More Related