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August 15, 2006

The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Program Overview NOAA/NESDIS Cooperative Research Program (CoRP). August 15, 2006. Carl Hoffman NPOESS Integrated Program Office Fort Collins, Colorado. METOP.

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August 15, 2006

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  1. The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS)Program Overview NOAA/NESDIS Cooperative Research Program (CoRP) August 15, 2006 Carl Hoffman NPOESS Integrated Program Office Fort Collins, Colorado

  2. METOP Tri-agency Effort to Leverage and Combine Environmental Satellite Activities M • Mission • Provide a national, operational, polar-orbiting remote-sensing capability • Achieve National Performance Review (NPR) savings by converging DoD and NOAA satellite programs • Incorporate new technologies from NASA • Encourage International Cooperation NPOESS NPOESS 0530 1330 0930 Local Equatorial Crossing Time

  3. PEO Staff • DPEO (*) • Senior Policy/Plans • Chief Scientist • Chief Engineer • Senior NASA • Senior NOAA • Senior DoD • Budget Officer • SUAG Rep NPOESS EXCOM 3 ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE PEO (*) 4 1 2 2 4 4 POES SPD NPOESS SPD ATP DIR OPS DIR DMSP SPD NPP PROJ DIR O-6 (AF) GS-15 (NASA) GS-15 (NOAA) O-6 (AF) GS-15 (NASA) GS-15 (NOAA) • * PEO, DPEO are rotational • Initial: PEO – DOD (Flag/SES) ; DPEO – DoC (Flag/SES)

  4. Nunn-McCurdy Certification • Why? Program acquisition cost estimates grew more than 25% above the program of record • By law, required certification to Congress in order to continue the program • Four questions to answer: • Are the requirements valid? • Do alternatives exist for less money and equivalent capability? • Is there a valid cost estimate? • Is there an adequate management structure in place? • Five-month, tri-agency process

  5. Nunn-McCurdy Results • June 5, 2006: Program certified to Congress • Revised program content: Two EMD satellites and two production satellites, in two orbits • De-manifested secondary sensors, kept sensors that satisfied key performance parameters • Continued full-sized bus, preserving ability to add non-manifested sensors if funding becomes available • Provides measured, achievable development timeline

  6. Nunn-McCurdy Results • Requirements revalidated by Joint Requirements Oversight Council, with DOC and NASA representatives • Reduced requirements set for µ-wave imager • Given requirements change, directed that current CMIS procurement stop • Government team will investigate way forward on µ-wave imager • First µ-wave imager targeted for second NPOESS satellite

  7. 05 06 07 08 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 09 Certified NPOESS Program Overview CALENDAR YEAR End of Constellation Service Life: 2026+ AM F13 C4 F19 F20 F17 C2 M mid-AM F16 F18 Metop D Metop A Metop C Metop B C3 PM N N’ C1 NPP AQUA Sensor Configuration Description • NPOESS bus sized to carry full sensor configuration • Constellation of 2 EMD and 2 Production satellites • Terminate CMIS; Compete new Microwave Imager/Sounder starting with C2 • NOAA/NASA forecasting models and selected climate continuity preserved • Restructuring of NGST contract required; Renegotiation of NGST fee • All secondary sensor integration planned and budgeted for • DoD will lose day/night imagery in mid-AM for up to 8 years Gap duration contingent upon satellite performance • Contractor and government management continuity preserved • Core Sensors • AM: VIIRS, Microwave Image/Sounder, • SARSAT • PM: VIIRS, Microwave Imager/Sounder • (C3), SARSAT, CrIS, ATMS, • ADCS, CERES (C1),OMPS-Nadir, • SEM, ACDS • Non-manifestedSensors • APS, ALT, TSIS, OMPS-Limb, ERBS, Full SESS, SUSS

  8. NPOESS Top Level Architecture GPS SpaceSegment NPP(1330) NPOESS1330 NPOESS1730 METOP 2130 Low Rate Data/High Rae Data(LRD/HRD) Command& ControlSegment NPP Science Data Segment Field Terminal Segment Svalbard CLASS ADS 15 Globally DistributedReceptor Sites FNMOC NAVOCEANO AFWA NESDIS/NCEP Alternate MMCat Schriever AFB Mission ManagementCenter (MMC)at Suitland Interface Data Processing Segment NOAA Comprehensive Large Array Data Stewardship System NPP Data & Control Flow NPOESS Data & Control Flow ADS CLASS NPP Archive & Distribution Seg • Data Quality • SMD/HRD • LRD 128 attributes above, 724 at, 7 below threshold 305 attributes above, 180 at, 0 below threshold Threshold Objective • Data Latency • SMD • HRD/LRD Data Availability Operational Availability

  9. Greatly Improved Timeliness Today’s 180 minutes to less than 28 minutes with NPOESS Average Data Latency Latency (minutes)

  10. NPOESS EDR Processing Timeline End-to-End EDR Latency 100% 90% 95% of data delivered within 28 min 80% 70% > 77% of data delivered within 15 min 60% Percent of EDR Products Delivered 50% 40% Average < 10.5 min 30% 20% Earliest Data Delivered < 2 min 10% 0% 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Time from Observation to Delivery (minutes)

  11. 1330 1730 VIIRS X X MIS C2- 4 X CrIS X ATMS X SEM X OMPS X ADCS X X SARSAT X X CERES C1 ERBS C2-4 NPP X X X X NPOESS Satellite and Sensors Single Satellite Design with Common Sensor Locations and “ring” Data Bus Allows Rapid Reconfiguration and Easy Integration

  12. Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing 0.4 km imaging and 0.8 km radiometer resolution 22 spectral bands covering 0.4 to 12.5 mm Automatic dual VNIR and triple DNB gains Spectrally and radiometrically calibrated EDR-dependent swath widths of 1700, 2000, and 3000 km Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) ITT Fort Wayne 158 SWIR (3.92 to 4.64 mm) channels 432 MWIR (5.71 to 8.26 mm) channels 711 LWIR (9.14 to 15.38 mm) channels 3x3 detector array with 15 km ground center-to-center 2200 km swath width Microwave Imager/Sounder (MIS)(NOTIONAL-UNDER REVIEW) 2.2 m antenna RF imaging at 6, 10, 18, 36, 90, and 166 GHz Profiling at 23, 50 to 60, 183 GHz Polarimetry at 10, 18, 36 GHz 1700 km swath width Development Sensor Highlights

  13. Development Sensor Highlights (cont.) • Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS)Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems • CrIS companion cross track scan • Profiling at 23, 50 to 57, 183 GHz • Surface measurements at 31.4, 88, 165 GHz • 1.1, 3.3, and 5.2 deg (SDRs resampled) • 2300 km swath width • Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) • (NADIR ONLY) • Ball Aerospace • Total ozone column 300 to 380 nm with 1.0 nm resolution • Nadir ozone profile 250 to 310 nm with 1.0 nm resolution • Swath width of 2800 km for total column

  14. Highlights of Other Sensors • Advanced Data Collection System (ADCS) and Search and Rescue Satellite-Aided Tracking (SARSAT) • “GFE” to NPOESS from France and Canada • ADCS supports global environmental applications • SARSAT collects distress beacon signals

  15. Computers, storage, and networks C3S Segment Design DRR Element Legend: GS Element C3S SMD SMD T&C IDPS Backup DRR SMD data handling and front-end processing at Central Space Segment AMMC Enterprise management Mission Management Center (MMC) Element 15 Receptors SMD Data monitor and recovery DRR interface and routing S-TLM NPOESS HRD/LRD Monitor Stored telemetry analysis CMD Satellite operations TLM/CMD CMD/ TLM TLM Flight vehicle simulator Svalbard Ground operations NPP DRR T&C front-end processing at MMC Mission management Orbit operations TDRS WSC SafetyNet C3S provides low-cost, reliable, and timely data delivery with the flexibility needed for low-cost system growth and technology insertion

  16. On-Line Data Storage Cal/Val Operator IDP Operator IDPS Functional Diagram Centrals ADS SDS CLASS Processing Subsystem SDR/TDR Generation EDR Generation Data Requests Tool Kits Ancil Auxil Ingest Subsystem DRR RDR SDR SDR EDR Data Delivery Subsystem All Internal Data Types xDR Data Cache Data Mgmt Service Ingest Sensor Data RDR SMD Data formatted to Centrals External Format All Internal Data Types Ingest Auxiliary Data Auxil External Formatted Data Auxiliary Data Ingest Ancillary Data Ancil Ancillary Data Data Management Subsystem Ancil Distribute Ancillary Data Ancillary Data Other IDPs Process Initiation Processing Status & Control DQM Subsystem Work Flow Scheduling Production and infrastructure management Communication services and utilities Processing Directives Coordination Schedule ProcessingHistory Infrastructure Subsystem C3S Enterprise Management LUTs CCB/Ingest NPOESS Enterprise Management Status and Control C3S

  17. IDP @ Centrals Field Terminal Software Field TerminalsAn integral part of NPOESS SMD SMD Centrals Centrals C3S C3S IDP IDP Users Users @ @ C3S C3S CONUS CONUS Centrals Centrals SMD SMD DHN & DHN & Gateways Gateways Ground Ground Space Vehicle 2 Space Vehicle 2 FEP FEP (4x) (4x) Science Science Receptor Receptor Space Vehicle 1 Space Vehicle 1 (@ IDPS) (@ IDPS) Users Users Mission Mission Ground Ground Bus Bus Sensors Sensors Management Management Station Station Deliver Data Deliver Data Center Center IDPS IDPS Products Products Stored Mission Data flow for Stored Mission Data flow for Centrals, Science Users Centrals, Science Users HRD HRD Tactical Tactical Field Field LRD LRD Terminal Terminal Users Users Software Software Deliver Data Deliver Data Products Products Field Terminals (LRD, HRD) Field Terminals (LRD, HRD) HRD, LRD Data flow for HRD, LRD Data flow for SARSAT, ADCS SARSAT, ADCS Tactical Users Tactical Users Terminals Terminals

  18. Real-Time Operational Demonstrations NPP (FY10) CrIS/ATMS & VIIRS Coriolis (FY03) MIS METOP (FY06) IASI/AMSU/MHS & AVHRR NPOESS (FY13) CrIS/ATMS, VIIRS, MIS, OMPS Aqua (FY02) AIRS/AMSU/HSB & MODIS Use of Advanced Sounder Data for Improved Weather Forecasting/Numerical Weather Prediction NOAA Real-Time Data Delivery Timeline Ground Station Scenario NWS/NCEP ECMWF UKMO FNMOC NWP Forecasts NOAA Real-time User IDPS C3S Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation

  19. WindSat Observes Hurricane Isabel September 14, 2003 Proof-of-performance for NPOESS’ CMIS NRL and NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

  20. Urban details Littoral details Snow Snow NPOESS VIIRS [MODIS Simulation] 9+ VIS/NIR bands 12 IR bands Smoke plume Low Clouds Contrail Clouds High Clouds Tough Problems Solved Yemen Oil Tanker Attack: 10/06/02 Smoke Plume Tanker True color Improved Sensor Technology Provides New Weather Insights Increased spectral availability allows discrimination of tough weather problems DMSP/POES OLS / AVHRR 1 vis band 1 to 5 IR bands Dust cloud Over sand Gray shades

  21. Multispectral Imagery From VIRRS… …combined with ATMS/MIS Microwave EDRs… Coincident Advanced Sensors Provide Synergy- Sum of the Parts is FAR greater than individual sensors - NPOESS … Supports Improved Tropical Cyclone Forecast Accuracy&Reduced Impact on Maritime Users

  22. Advanced Sensors Critical for Ocean Predictions- Multiple sensors working together - Operational Global Ocean Modeling Regional Scale Modeling & Assimilation VIIRS Sea Surface Height (SSH) Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS) Sea Surface Temperature (SST) NPOESS EDRs— SST—will be Critical, Fundamental Components of Ocean Analysis and Prediction Capability Wave & Surf Modeling /Assimilation Bathymetry & Gravity Warfare Applications Tide Modeling Active & Passive Acoustic Propagation Predictions

  23. Next day, we see clouds and possible dust fronts Dust front discrimination made easy with multi-spectral processing What your naked eye sees True Color Background Reference 500m Dust Enhancement True Color Dust Event Indus River Valley Pakistan Indus River Valley Pakistan Indus River Valley Pakistan DUST FRONTs ? YES [three] DUST FRONT ? NO [veg edge] DUST FRONT ? Advanced Imagery ImprovesDiscrimination Processed Imagery Courtesy of Meteorology Satellite Applications Section, NRL/Monterey

  24. NPOESS-GOES-R AT AMS 2007 • American Meteorological Society • 3rd Annual Symposium • Future National Operational Environmental Satellites • The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System • (NPOESS) • Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite R-Series (GOES-R), • January 16-17, 2007 • San Antonio, Texas

  25. NPOESS Program OfficeWeb Sites • NPOESS Website • http://npoess.noaa.gov • POLAR MAX 2006 • 24-26 OCT 2006 • http://npoess.noaa.gov/polarmax

  26. Back-up • VIIRS Characteristics

  27. VIIRS at a Glance • VIIRS: Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite • VIIRS will continue the observational program of OLS, AVHRR, SeaWiFS & MODIS • VIIRS will provide operational and research users with: • Spectral coverage from 412 nm to 12 microns in 22 bands • Imagery at 371 m nadir resolution in 5 bands • Moderate resolution (~742 m at nadir) radiometric quality data • Complete global daily coverage with a single sensor • 8-hour refresh in the NPOESS constellation (ca 2011) • Routine data products of: • Cloud cover, cloud layers • Cloud and aerosol physical properties • Land & ocean biosphere properties • Fire detection, snow & ice • Sea Surface Temperature • Land & Ice Surface Temperatures

  28. VIIRS Produces 25 Environmental Data Records (EDRs) VIIRS Algorithm Subsystemprovides software that, when combined with VIIRS sensor data, allows the VIIRS system to produce the following EDRs: • . Imagery EDR • . Aerosol Optical Thickness EDR • . Aerosol Particle Size Parameter EDR • . Suspended Matter EDR • . Sea Surface Temperature EDR • . Land Surface Temperature EDR • . Ice Surface Temperature EDR • . Active Fires EDR • . Surface Albedo EDR • . Soil Moisture EDR • . Vegetation Index EDR • . Surface Type EDR • . Cloud Base Height EDR . Cloud Cover/Layers EDR . Cloud Effective Particle Size EDR . Cloud Optical Thickness EDR . Cloud Top Temperature EDR . Cloud Top Pressure EDR . Cloud Top Height EDR . Net Heat Flux EDR . Ocean Color/Chlorophyll EDR . Fresh Water Ice EDR . Snow Cover/Depth EDR . Sea Ice Age/Edge Motion EDR . Precipitable Water EDR • Cloud Types

  29. VIIRS Design is Evolutionary from MODIS • Spatial resolution & mtf improved • 371m & 742 m at nadir, reduced pixel growth • Improved stray light control with Rotating telescope • Added “day-night” band for cross-terminator imaging • Higher orbit yields full global coverage in one day • Comparable radiometric & spectral quality • 12 bit data • Equivalent on-board calibrators • Characterization equivalent to Aqua MODIS • Bandpasses widened with no loss of specificity • Bandset reduced from 36 to 22 • Does not impact land products • MODIS supported research products not yet proven for operational purposes • Ocean Fluorescence, CO2 “slicing bands”, Ozone

  30. Reduced Pixel Growth Fine-Resolution Imaging ‘I’ Bands Moderate-Resolution (“Radiometric”) ‘M’ Bands 0.75km 1.1km 1.6km 0.75km 1.2km 1.6km SNR predicted and specified at worst-case edge of scan: ~60% better nadir SNR MODIS pixel growth rate will be the same as AVHRR

  31. Near Nadir Toward Edge of Scan 1 1 MODIS Vegetative Index10/30/2003 2 3 2 3 Terra 1950 UTC Aqua 2125 UTC

  32. Pre-Launch & On-Orbit Calibration • Intensive MODIS-like pre-launch characterization & calibration • Solar Diffuser (SD) calibration every terminator crossing • Solar Diffuser Stability Monitor (SDSM) to track SD degradation • On-Board Black Body Calibrator (OBC) viewed every scan (1.7864 seconds) • Post-launch validation will draw upon other agencies & the general scientific community

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