Chapter 13.1 – 13.2: Origins of the Renaissance

1. Chapter 13.1 – 13.2: Origins of the Renaissance EQ: What changes in learning, philosophy, art, and architecture occurred because of the rise of the Renaissance?

2. End of Feudalism • Feudal system dies out due to: • Plague • (Black Death) killed 1/3 of work force, caused worker shortage and movement of populations as people attempted to avoid plague • Kings gain power • As feudalism dies out Kings gain power while nobles lose power, England and France become powerful countries in Europe • The Crusades • Created contacts with East, desire to trade goods with them • Towns grow • Stability increases throughout Europe, making trade safer

3. New Ways of Thinking • Those who survived years of plague and war want to celebrate/enjoy life • Growth of trade introduced new goods and encouraged people to think in new ways, such as new philosophy of Humanism • People eager for knowledge – began relearning classical ideas of Greece and Rome, combining classical ideas with new thought

4. Humanism • Study of classical ideas led to Humanism • Idea of Humanism focuses on human beings and their potential for achievement • Stressed importance of individual above everything else

5. Humanist Thought • Humanistic view differed from medieval thinking - Humanism valued persons potential more than king or church they belonged to • Stressed importance of leading Christian life, but challenged people to think for themselves too • Think about Church teachings, not blindly accept Church orders

6. FYI: More About Humanism • Classical Greek-Roman ideas of life and human worth • God created us in his image, therefore all men must be worthy • Man should develop his talents, strive toward self improvement • Commitment to public service, help less fortunate • Church is still very important, but it is no longer “all-important” center of everyday life – life is to be lived with God in mind • Encouraged and strengthened desire in people to experiment, explore, and create

7. FYI: More About Humanism • Effects of Humanism: • Greater appreciation for beautiful works of art and fine craftsmanship • Patrons of cities encouraged arts and sciences • Creation of schools focused on humanities: History, philosophy, Latin, Greek, art, etc • Artists studied human form and tried to make people look more like real people in artwork

8. The Renaissance • Growth of cities, trade, learning, and focus on human achievement lead to the Renaissance • Renaissance = Rebirth • Refers to time period of rebirth of classical art and learning, and new styles/ways of creating and thinking • Renaissance began in Italy and spread throughout Europe

9. Growth of Renaissance • Changes in methods of communication (traveling/trade becoming safer) during Renaissance lead to easier exchange and spread of ideas across Europe • Began in Italy due to numerous trade routes and market towns in area • Ruling class actively supported artists/writers in Florence and other Italian cities

10. Advances in Art • Human figures in paintings shown as more realistic • Achieved three-dimensional effect in painting through use of perspective • New technology in producing paint allowed for new colors

11. Holbein’s, The Ambassadors, 1533

12. Multiple Perspectives

13. Engineering • Breakthroughs in building techniques • Huge domes built on cathedrals/churches now possible

14. Filippo Brunelleschi • Commissioned to build the cathedral dome. • Used unique architectural concepts. • He studied the ancient Pantheon in Rome. • Used ribs for support.

15. Filippo Brunelleschi1377 - 1436 • Architect • Cuppolo of St. Mariadel Fiore

16. Comparing Domes

17. Other Famous Domes Il Duomo St. Peter’s St. Paul’s US capital (Florence) (Rome) (London) (Washington)

18. Summary • Answer the EQ by writing a 8-10 sentence summary using DETAILS to help PROVE your answer! • Remember the EQ was: • EQ: What changes in learning, philosophy, art, and architecture occurred because of the rise of the Renaissance?