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OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION

OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION. - How does the Ocean Affect the Weather?. OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION. - Water, gases, and energy are exchanged between the ocean and atmosphere. This Exchange:. - Moderates the surface temperatures of the ocean. - Shapes the Earth’s weather and climate.

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OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION

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  1. OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION - How does the Ocean Affect the Weather?

  2. OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION - Water, gases, and energy are exchanged between the ocean and atmosphere This Exchange: - Moderates the surface temperatures of the ocean - Shapes the Earth’s weather and climate - Generates most of the ocean’s waves

  3. WEATHER is the state of the atmosphere at a specific place and time • CLIMATE is the long-term (30 year) average of weather in an area • Both weather and climate are affected by the ocean • Lets see some examples of how the ocean influences our weather

  4. Ocean’s effect on local weather Ever Notice??? Our weather here is different than the weather inland? WHY???

  5. WINTER 41 54 50 43 Water is warmer than land during winter. The ocean warms the cities right along the coast. 52

  6. SUMMER 101 91 87 98 Water is cooler than the land during summer. Now the oceans cools the coastal cities. 89

  7. Coastal Breezes Why is there almost always a breeze at the beach? - The land and water heat at different rates - Land heats and cools faster than the water

  8. Afternoon Breezes are onshore Clouds Form Cool air sinks to fill in the space Afternoon Showers Warmer temperatures cause air to rise Onshore Breeze Warmer Land Cooler Ocean

  9. Evening Breezes are offshore Cool air sinks to fill in the space Warmer temperatures cause air to rise Offshore Breeze Cooler Land Warmer Ocean

  10. - Great masses of warm, humid, rotating air TROPICAL CYCLONES - Occur in tropical oceans • Called “Hurricanes” in the North Atlantic • “Typhoons” in the Western Pacific • “Cyclones” in the Indian Ocean • “Wili-Wilis” near Australia

  11. - Hurricanes start out as Tropical Depressions (Low Pressure Zones) off the coast of Africa or in the Caribbean - Next, when their wind speeds reach 40 mph they become Tropical Storms (and they get a name) - They become Hurricanes once they reach a wind speed of 74mph

  12. Typical Hurricane Path is around the Atlantic’s high pressure cell Saffir-Simpson Scale • Category One -- Winds 74-95 miles per hour • Category Two -- Winds 96-110 miles per hour • Category Three -- Winds 111-130 miles per hour • Category Four -- Winds 131-155 miles per hour • Category Five -- Winds greater than 155 miles per hour

  13. Most hurricanes make landfall in the Southeast U.S. of Gulf States

  14. Names for Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclones 2002 2005ArleneBretCindyDennisEmilyFranklinGertHarveyIreneJoseKatrinaLeeMariaNateOpheliaPhilippeRitaStanTammyVinceWilma 2006AlbertoBerylChrisDebbyErnestoFlorenceGordonHeleneIsaacJoyceKirkLeslieMichaelNadineOscarPattyRafaelSandyTonyValerieWilliam 2007*AllisonBarryChantalDeanErinFelixGabrielleHumbertoIrisJerryKarenLorenzoMichelleNoelOlgaPabloRebekahSebastienTanyaVanWendy ArthurBerthaCristobalDollyEdouardFayGustavHannaIsidoreJosephineKyleLiliMarcoNanaOmarPalomaReneSallyTeddyVickyWilfred 2003 AnaBillClaudetteDannyErikaFabianGraceHenriIsabelJuanKateLarryMindyNicholasOdettePeterRoseSamTeresaVictorWanda 2004 Alex Bonnie Charley Danielle EarlFrancesGastonHermineIvan Jeanne Karl LisaMatthewNicole Otto PaulaRichardShary TomasVirginieWalter

  15. A hurricane’s energy source is warm seawater (>80°F)

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