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CHALLENGES IN DEVELOPMENT OF INDIAN POWER SYSTEM

CHALLENGES IN DEVELOPMENT OF INDIAN POWER SYSTEM. Mr. V. Ramakrishna Member (Power System), CEA. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT EMERGING SCENARIO CHALLENGES IN PLANNING. CHRONOLOGY POWER DEVELOPMENT INITIAL YEARS Isolated Systems around Urban and Industrial Areas

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CHALLENGES IN DEVELOPMENT OF INDIAN POWER SYSTEM

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  1. CHALLENGES IN DEVELOPMENTOF INDIAN POWER SYSTEM Mr. V. Ramakrishna Member (Power System), CEA

  2. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT EMERGING SCENARIO CHALLENGES IN PLANNING

  3. CHRONOLOGY POWER DEVELOPMENT INITIAL YEARS • Isolated Systems around Urban and Industrial Areas ELECTRICITY (SUPPLY) ACT,1948. • Rationalisation of Production and Supply of Electricity and creation of CEAfor this purpose. • Extension of benefits of Electricity to Semi-urban and Rural areas in most efficient and economical manner. • Linking together contiguous areas to establish ‘Grid Systems’. • Enabled Provincial Govts to set up SEBs for development and administration of ‘Grid Systems’.

  4. TOWARDS NATIONAL POWER GRID Concept EmergenceConsolidation & Integration • STATE GRIDS 1948 50s 60s & 70s • REGIONAL GRIDS 1964 70s 80s & 90s • NATIONAL GRID 1997 2000-2012 / 2015

  5. Growth in Transmission System 1950 7181 85 90 92 97 2002 2005

  6. DEVELOPMENT OF INDIAN POWER SYSTEM CONCEPT SO FAR • Generation & transmission development on Regional self sufficiency. • Inter-regional lines for limited exchange of operational surpluses through asynchronous links. • Exchange in radial mode between ER - NR, WR - SR & ER - NR. • Surplus available not being fully utilized in other deficit regions as previous plans were not for bulk inter-regional transfer.

  7. PROJECTSDEMAND 2011-1216th EPS REGIONS PEAK LOAD ENERGY (GW) (Average GU per day) NORTHERN49 0.85 WESTERN47 0.82 SOUTHERN42 0.72 EASTERN16 0.25 NORTH-EASTERN3 0.04 ALL-INDIA157 2.70 • The above projection taken as basis for evolving perspective transmission plan for 2011-12.

  8. GENERATION SCENARIO PROJECTION 2011-12 16TH EPS INSTALLED CAPACITY 210 GW PEAK DEMAND 157 GW ENERGY (Average) 2.7 GU per day

  9. DEVELOPMENT OF GRID- WHAT NEXT ? • Regional Grids consolidated • Stage set for optimization at National level • Disposition of energy resources is uneven • Major Hydro resources in NER & NR • Coal reserves mostly in Bihar/ Orissa/ West Bengal. • Not much further Hydro Potential in WR & SR. • Not much further coal potential in NR & WR. • Environmental problems limiting further exploitation of Hydro Potential • Optimal location of new generating resources in ER / NER.

  10. DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY PERSPECTIVE • SUBSTANTIAL SAVINGS POSSIBLE WITH POWER DEVELOPMENT PLANNED ON COUNTRYWISE BASIS AND THE SYSTEM OPERATED ACCORDINGLY • SAVINGS ON ACCOUNT OF: • DEMAND DIVERSITIES • RESERVE SHARING • OPTIMAL LOCATION OF GENERATION • ENHANCED UTILISATION OF OPERATIONAL SURPLUSSES AND MERIT ORDER GENERATION ON A WIDER SCALE. • TO ACHIEVE THE ABOVE A NATIONAL GRID IS BEING DEVELOPED

  11. Physical LinksSPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSMISSION SYSTEM • MUST BE ADEQUATE AND RELIABLE TO MEET EVACUATION REQUIREMENT FOR EACH STATION SEPERATELY. • MUST PROVIDE RELIABLE DISPERSAL TO DISTRIBUTION NETWORK OF EACH AREA. • SHOULD FIT WELL INTO LONG TERM SYSTEM NEEDS • AMENABLE FOR STAGE DEVELOPMENT • OPTIMALLY UTILISE TRANSMISSION CORRIDORS • PLANNED TO MEET EXTREME CREDIBLE CONTINGENCIES In case of inter regional lines this would mean increased surplus in normally surplus regions and simultaneously increased deficit in normally deficit region.

  12. Growth in Inter-Regional Transmission Capacity

  13. Inter-regional Lines - X PLAN

  14. Inter-regional Lines – XI PLAN

  15. Winter Off Peak Winter Peak Regions Availability Demand Deficit/ Surplus Availability Demand Deficit/ Surplus Northern 26086 31374 -5288 36052 44820 -8768 Western 43037 33651 9386 46312 51770 -5458 Southern 30024 24902 5122 34886 38310 -3424 Eastern 23438 8606 14832 25753 13240 12513 North-Eastern 1985 1404 581 4605 2160 2445 Total 124570 99937 24633 147608 150300 -2692 Projected Requirement of Inter-Regional Transmission of Power

  16. Summer Off Peak Summer Peak Regions Availability Demand Deficit/ Surplus Availability Demand Deficit/Surplus Northern 38485 40338 -1853 42222 44820 -2598 Western 43052 36239 6813 45508 51770 -6262 Southern 31987 26817 5170 35633 36395 -762 Eastern 23948 9268 14680 25685 13240 12445 North-Eastern 5260 1512 3748 6570 2160 4410 Total 142732 114174 28558 155618 148385 7233 Projected Requirement of Inter-Regional Transmission of Power cont…3

  17. Programme – TRANSMISSION LINES

  18. Programme – SUBSTATIONS

  19. Inter-linking transmission system under State Sector • Matching transmission system at 220kV and 132 kV • Sub-transmission at 66kV and 33kV • Distribution system (33kV and below for Rural Areas) (132kV and below for cities) System up to the final destination catering to the load growth and ensure delivery of the electricity up to the end consumers in the country.

  20. 220 kV & 132 kV Normative Estimate(including R &M)(not included in NEP, should form part of States’ Plan)

  21. CHALLENGES IN POWER SYSTEM PLANNING • Uncertainty in load growth • Impact on Transmission planning • Delicensing of Thermal Generation • Need for periodic review of plan.

  22. CHALLENGES IN POWER SYSTEM PLANNING (Contd..) • SCHEDULE OF H.E. PROJECTS • Constraints in RoW • Creation of Pooling Points & bulk transmission • Experience of Kishanpur – Moga 765kV line.

  23. CHALLENGES IN POWER SYSTEM PLANNING (Contd..) • OPEN ACCESS IN TRANSMISSION • Market driven exchanges may influence pattern of power flow • Periodic review and strengthening

  24. CHALLENGES IN POWER SYSTEM PLANNING (Contd..) • RoW CONSTRAINT • Environmental • Wild Life sanctuaries • Multi circuit lines ? • Urban areas • GIS, high capacity lines • Utilisation of Hydro potential in North East

  25. Transmission System for Hydro development in NER 30-35 GW of Hydro potential in North-eastern Region 10 GW from Sikkim and Bhutan • Substantial power from this region would be required to be transmitted to NR/WR over distances exceeding 2000 km. • Right of way constraints in the chicken neck area. • Hybrid network of EHVDC and high capacity 400 kV AC would be developed.

  26. Emerging Technologies • Problems associated with development of All India Grid • Upgrading of Protection system • Isolation of faulty system • Defense mechanism

  27. Emerging Technologies (contd…) • GIS, FACTS etc • Compression of construction period • Satellite imagery • Standardization of Tower Design • Modern construction techniques • Failure rate of transformers

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