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Greek & Hellenistic Achievements

Greek & Hellenistic Achievements. Greek Philosophy. Socrates 1 st of the 3 Major Greek Philosophers Socratic Method Began w/ basic questions (What is Life?), followed w/mor e to help understand the world Qs made you better person/citizen. Death of Socrates.

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Greek & Hellenistic Achievements

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  1. Greek & Hellenistic Achievements

  2. Greek Philosophy Socrates • 1st of the 3 Major Greek Philosophers • Socratic Method • Began w/ basic questions (What is Life?), followed w/more to help understand the world • Qs made you better person/citizen

  3. Death of Socrates • Wealthy & Noble Athenians believed he was teaching their children to Question the Gods • Charged with Impeity (?) & Corrupting the Youth • Condemned to Death; students tried to help him escape • He criticized them for their action, refused, and drank a cup of Hemlock (poison) • Principle of Obedience to Law---follow the laws/decisions of society, b/c society w/out laws = CHAOS?

  4. Greek Philosophy Plato • Student of Socrates, writings recorded his ideas & provided info about Socrates’ life & ideals • The Republic- Gov’t should be run by those most qualified…Philosopher Kings • Critical of Athenian Democracy-Feared Mob Rule • Founded the Academy, lasted for over 100 years

  5. Greek Philosophy Aristotle • Student of Plato, spent time at the Academy • Focus on Natural World rather than Human Behavior • Reason- Careful observations & rational thinking to study natural world • Logic- Use prior knowledge to infer new facts • Established his own academy, Lyceum; Tutored Alexander

  6. Homer • Epic Poems • Iliad- Chronicled Trojan War • Odyssey- Odysseus’s journey Home • Oral Storytelling; spread throughout Ancient Greece • Formed the basis of Greek Education System • Inspired Greeks for Generations

  7. Herodotus • Greeks were the 1st to write about & analyze their past • “Father of History” • 1st Major Greek Historian • The Histories- detailed major events of Persian Wars • Events he witnessed & reports from those who said they witnessed • Issues? Does he deserve his title?

  8. Greek Drama • Created for Entertainment; Art of Playwriting -Originally introduced during festivals honoring Dionysus -Recited to Audience, later actors took on specific roles • Tragedy- focused on hardships faced by Greek Heroes • Comedy- Satires, written to expose the Flaws of Society

  9. Greek Architecture • Athenians valued beauty; literary & visual • Architecture- Greeks built magnificent Temples, Theatres & other public buildings -Added fine works of art to enhance their appearance • Parthenon- Massive temple at the center of the Acropolis -Not too wide (squat) or too tall (flimsy)

  10. Greek Art Sculpture • Adept at depicting Human Form • Immense detail, great beauty & grace • Few originals survive, Roman re-creations Paintings • Preserved on Vases, Plates • Scenes of everyday life & popular myths

  11. Hellenistic World • Hellenistic- Emerged b/c of Alexander the Great -Blending of Greek culture w/Persia, Egypt & Central Asia -Bringing ideas & people together • Alexander married Persian princesses, encouraged troops to do the same; established cities across Empire • Cultural Diffusion at its finest • Move away from Polis to Kingdom & Monarchy

  12. Science & Technology Euclid • Geometry • Father of Geometry • Formed many of the ideas we still use today Pythagoras • Pythagorean Theorem • Derived the formula to calculate the relationship b/w the sides of a Right Triangle

  13. Science & Technology Eratosthenes • Calculated the circumference of the Globe • Used simple Geometry, careful observation, came remarkably close to actual figure Archimedes • Mathematician who used Math & Physics to create devices that made life easier • Levers, pulleys & screws; catapult

  14. Science & Technology • Hippocrates -studied causes of illnesses & looked for cures -Set ethical standards for doctors then, as well as now • Hippocratic Oath

  15. Hippocratic Oath • “I will use my power to help the sick to the best of my ability and judgment; I will abstain from harming or wronging any man by it… • Whatever I see or hear, professionally, or privately, which ought not to be divulged, I will keep secret… • If, therefore, I observe this oath and do not violate it, may I prosper both in my life and in my profession, earning good repute among all men for all time.”

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