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Epidemiology of Poliomyelitis

Epidemiology of Poliomyelitis. Dr Akshaya K M Department of Community Medicine Yenepoya Medical College, Mangaluru. Learning objectives. At the end of the class, the student shall Define poliomyelitis Enlist the countries endemic for poliomyelitis in 2018

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Epidemiology of Poliomyelitis

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  1. Epidemiology of Poliomyelitis Dr Akshaya K M Department of Community Medicine Yenepoya Medical College, Mangaluru

  2. Learning objectives At the end of the class, the student shall • Define poliomyelitis • Enlist the countries endemic for poliomyelitis in 2018 • Explain the epidemiological triad of poliomyelitis • Explain vDPV • Enumerate the types in the clinical spectrum of poliomyelitis

  3. 27th March 2014

  4. Introduction Acute Viral Infection Caused by RNA virus Mainly affects human alimentary tract Affects CNS and causes paralysis in 1% cases One of the disease considered for eradication

  5. http://polioeradication.org/polio-today/history-of-polio/

  6. Decline in Poliomyelitis

  7. Current global situation Source: http://polioeradication.org/polio-today/polio-now/this-week/

  8. Wild poliovirus cases, India 1934 No WPV case since January 2011 1600 P2 wild P1 wild P3 wild * data as on 6 July 2018

  9. WPV2 24/10/1999 Aligarh (UP) WPV3 22/10/2010 Pakur (JH) WPV1 13/01/2011 Howrah (WB) Last wild poliovirus cases by type, India

  10. Agent • Polio Virus: 3 sero types • Outbreaks: Type 1 virus • Infects only human beings, no animal reservoir • Transmission: Person to person via feaco-oral route • Infectious material: Faces and oropharyngeal secretions • Communicability: High; 7 to 10 days before and after onset of symptoms

  11. Vaccine Derived Polio Virus >10 billion doses of OPV to 3 billion children worldwide since 2000 Genetically changed from the original strain contained in OPV (cVDPV) Reason: Low vaccination coverage cVDPVs are extremely rare (24 outbreaks in 21 countries and 750 cases)

  12. Host Disease of infancy and childhood Vulnerable age: 6 months and 3 years 3 Males:1 Female Risk factors Immunity: Immunization or Natural Infection (Life long)

  13. Environment More common in rainy season Source of infection: Contaminated food and flies Survives long in the cold environment Overcrowding and poor sanitation IP: 7-14 Days

  14. Clinical Spectrum • Inapparent/ Subclinical infection: 91-96% • Abortive polio or minor illness: 6-8% • Non-Paralytic polio: 1% • Paralytic polio: <1% • Asymmetrical patchy paralysis • Tripod sign • Proximal muscle involvement • No sensory loss

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