Genre Headings and Authorities in the University of Washington Libraries Catalog

1. Genre Headings and Authorities in the University of Washington Libraries Catalog Adam L. Schiff Principal Cataloger University of Washington Libraries aschiff@u.washington.edu

2. Nota Bene • Comments are applicable to the UW Libraries-Only Catalog (Innovative Interfaces OPAC) http://catalog.lib.washington.edu/search~/ not the UW WorldCat or Summit catalog • The WorldCat catalog currently lacks authority control (no cross-references, BTs, NTs, or RTs are available) and genre/form headings are neither hotlinked nor faceted for refining searches)

3. Three Issues • Indexing of Genre/Form Headings • Genre/Form Policies • Genre/Form Authorities

4. Genre/Form Index Includes data from: • 655 fields • Locally defined 695 field • Form subdivisions ($v) from all 6XX fields

9. 655 0 Feature films. • 655 0 Biographical films. • 7 Feature films|zUnited • States.|2local

13. Genre/Form Policies 655s are accepted in copy cataloging for all resources, but we have developed specific policies for genre/form access for certain types of resources, specifically: Artists’ Books and Miniature Books Audiobooks Children’s Literature Ethnic and Special Audience Newspapers Graphic Novels, Comics, and Cartoons Oral History Materials UW Theses and Dissertations and Thesis-Like Documents Videorecordings

16. Sources of Genre/Form Terms • for most materials, prefer terms from LCSH • if appropriate terms not available in LCSH: • propose them through SACO whenever possible, e.g. Angel films Private Snafu films Ballet films Scooby-Doo films Ballet television programs Televised dance Dance films Television sequels Dance television programs Time-lapse films Documentary-style television programs Filmed ballets Wizard of Oz films Filmed dance Zatoichi films Filmed interviews Harry Potter films Indiana Jones television programs

17. Sources of Genre/Form Terms For genres/forms for which LC is not yet creating authority records tagged as 155, topical headings that represent genres or forms may be used in bibliographic records tagged as 650 or 655, depending on LC and your local policies. SACO proposals for such headings may also be submitted, but for now only with 150 tags. Later LC projects will hopefully result in the creation of parallel 155 headings. Adventure stories Finnish essays American poetry--21st century Folk songs, Khmer Artists’ writings, French Gothic fiction (Literary genre) Australian fiction--Aboriginal Australian authors Landscape photography Children’s periodicals, Latvian Librarians’ writings Cootie catchers Lipograms Didjeridu and flute music Picture dictionaries, English Erotic drawing Requiems

18. Sources of Genre/Form Terms • if appropriate terms not available in LCSH: b) use a different controlled vocabulary if it provides needed terms, e.g. • Art & Architecture Thesaurus for oral history materials • 655 _7 Transcripts. $2 aat • 655 _7 Reminiscences. $2 aat • Genre Terms: A Thesaurus for Use in Rare Book and Special Collections Cataloging • 655 _7 Anti-communist literature. $2 rbgenr • 655 _7 Newsbooks. $2 rbgenr • 655 _7 Prospectuses. $2 rbgenr • Newspaper Genre List • 655 _7 Feminist newspapers. $2 ngl • 655 _7 Labor newspapers. $2 ngl

19. Sources of Genre/Form Terms • if appropriate terms not available in LCSH: c) use local terms/strings specified in cataloging policies, e.g. • Videorecordings 655 _7 Historical reenactments. $2 local 655 _7 Foreign language films $x Swedish. $2 local • UW theses and thesis-like documents 655 _7 Theses $x Anthropology. $2 local 655 _7 Professional papers $x Forestry. $2 local 655 _7 Research projects $x Music. $2 local • Children’s literature 655 _7 Science fiction $v Juvenile. $2 local 655 _7 Baseball stories $v Juvenile. $2 local 655 _7 Christmas plays $v Juvenile. $2 local

20. Local Decisions How do you provide access for: • Place of production • Foreign language materials How do you: • Distinguish between adult and juvenile materials

21. Place of Production

22. 655 _7 Feature films $z Japan. $2 local 655 _7 Silent films $z Soviet Union. $2 local

24. Foreign Language Films

25. Juvenile vs. Adult Resources

26. Genre/Form Authority Records

30. Authority Record Loaded in Our OPAC

32. Genre/Form Authorities • Acquired from our authorities vendor (Backstage Library Works) based on monthly processing of our bibliographic records: LCSH, GSAFD, AAT • GSAFD authorities are also available for free downloading – more information from http://www.ala.org/ala/mgrps/divs/alcts/ resources/org/cat/marc21authority.cfm • Acquired from OCLC Terminologies Services Pilot Project: Newspaper Genre List authorities

33. LC genre authority record (in OCLC)

34. GSAFD authority record

35. AAT authority record

36. NGL authority record

37. Genre/Form Authorities • Locally created authorities used in some cases, as well as some local modifications to authority records obtained from outside sources • Needed because the index contains terms from multiple thesauri for the same thing as well as conflicts between genre/form headings and subdivisions in LCSH • Needed because full hierarchical relationships in some thesauri are not expressed, which is not helpful in a single, general genre index • Needed to help users navigate among locally used terms

38. Problems Using Multiple Thesauri in One Index LCSH:Humorous stories GSAFD:Humorous fiction LCSH:Film adaptations and Television adaptations LCSH form subdivision:$v Film and video adaptations Solution: provide references or links between the equivalent terms. 7XX linking entry fields in the MARC 21 authority format are available to do this, but LCSH topical and genre subject authority records don’t include them. Also, many systems do not use them to generate links.

39. Problems Using Multiple Thesauri in One Index Our solution: create local authority records to enable references between equivalent terms

41. Problems Using Multiple Thesauri in One Index

42. Problems Using Multiple Thesauri in One Index Solution: add Newspapers as a broader term to the authority records for the NGL

45. Navigating Among Locally Used Terms

46. Conclusion: Issues to Consider • Should you create a genre index that is separate from any subject indexes you may have? If yes, what fields will you index? (e.g., just 655, or also $v from subjects?) • Will you allow terms from multiple thesauri in your genre index or attempt to only use terms from a single controlled vocabulary? Which vocabulary/vocabularies will be permitted? How do you achieve this? (e.g., will catalogers have to make sure only acceptable thesauri have been used, or can your system delete unwanted headings?) • Can your system be configured to limit what gets indexed? (e.g., based on second indicator value in 655 or based on source code in subfield $2) • If you get authorities from a vendor, can you protect any local modifications from overlay when a change is made to the authority? • If you add linking entry fields to your authorities, will your system actually use them? How can we get linking fields into national authority records, and persuade system developers to make use of them? • Do you need to use locally-devised headings? How will you maintain them? Do you need to also create local authority headings for them?

47. Conclusion: Issues to Consider • Will you use headings from existing thesauri in non-standard ways? (e.g., subdividing literary genres with $v Juvenile for children’s materials or Foreign language films by language) • Can you easily convert headings tagged 650 to 655 in your OPAC? How will you avoid converting headings on records for resources that are about the genre rather than examples of it? • Are there records in your catalog to which you will retrospectively add genre headings? Can this be done using automation or batch processing? For example, Subject Cataloging Manual H 1913 says to always assign one of the following headings: Fiction films, Nonfiction films, Fiction television programs, Nonfiction television programs. Since these headings are new, can you easily retrospectively add them to already cataloged resources? What about other newly created genre headings that were not previously available for use? • Will existing master records in OCLC be converted to the correct coding? Who will do this?

48. Conclusion: Issues to Consider • If you use LCSH genre headings, will you propose new genre headings through SACO? • Are some materials more important than others to provide genre access for your users?

49. Thank You!