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Growth and Development of Cities: Week 11. Urban Design & Environment

Growth and Development of Cities: Week 11. Urban Design & Environment. URBS 310. What is Urban Design (Levy). Middle between architecture and planning Focuses on the massing and organization of buildings and on the spaces between them. Smaller scale than that of urban planner.

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Growth and Development of Cities: Week 11. Urban Design & Environment

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  1. Growth and Development of Cities: Week 11. Urban Design & Environment URBS 310

  2. What is Urban Design (Levy) • Middle between architecture and planning • Focuses on the massing and organization of buildings and on the spaces between them. • Smaller scale than that of urban planner.

  3. Urban Design Process (Levy) • Analysis • Synthesis • Evaluation • Implementation

  4. Urban Design Criteria (Levy) • Unity and coherence • Minimum conflict between vehicles and pedestrians • Protection from rain, noise, wind, etc • Ease of orientation • Compatibility of land uses • Availability of palces to rest, observe, and meet • Creation of a sense of security and pleasantness.

  5. Haussmann: Grand Avenues Avenue de la Grande Armée, one of Haussman's twelve grand avenues radiating from the Arc de Triomphe.La Défense and the Grande Arche (the hollow white cube) can be seen on the horizon.

  6. Clarence Perry: Neighborhood Unit Concept Clarence Perry, Housing for the Machine Age, 1929.

  7. Clarence Stein: Superblock Clarence Stein and Henry Wright--Radburn New Town, ("Superblock"), 1942

  8. Le Corbusier: Voisin Plan for Paris

  9. Le Corbusier: Voisin Plan for Paris

  10. Paolo Soleri

  11. The Hyper Building is a one-kilometer-high tower surrounded by a double set of concentric exedrae. The exedra is a semi-circular edifice that can host a large spectrum of urban activities. Tower and exedrae are not separable.

  12. Arcosanti

  13. New Urbanism • Urban sprawls: environmental pollution, the destruction of open space, a growing reliance on the automobile, a alck of affordable housing, and the segregation of the rich and poor. .. No sense of community • Return to traditional neighborhood patterns … new urbanism • Neotraditional planning, Traditional neighborhood planning, Transit-oriented p[lanning • Andres Duany, Peter Katz, Peter calthorpe .. People should come first before the automobile.

  14. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) • Enacted in 1969 • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) • Tremendous improvement in air and water quality • Environmental Impact Statement (EIS): federal action significantly affecting the quality of the human environment. ‘Procedural’ mandate

  15. Components of EIS • The environmental impact of the proposed action • Any adverse environmental effects which can not be avoided. • Alternatives to the proposed action • The relationship between short term uses of man’s environment and the maintenance and enhancement of long term productivity. • Any irreversible and iretrievable commitments of resources.

  16. NEPA Environmental Review Process • Proposed Agency Action …> EIS Rerquired? • No: Agency Action • Uncertain: Environmental Assessment … FONSI (finding of no significant impact) or EIS Required • Yes: EIS process (notice of intent ….> Scoping process …> Draft EIS …> Agency and Public Comment …> Final EIS …> Record of decision …> Agency Action)

  17. State Implementation Plans • Six criteria pollutants: Ozone (O3), Particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) Carbon monoxide (CO), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Sulpher dioxide (SO2), and Lead (Pb).

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