Understanding Bicycle Transportation: Supporting the Cycling Behavior Spectrum

1. UnderstandingBicycle Transportation:Supporting the Cycling Behavior Spectrum Dan Gutierrez & Brian DeSousa

2. Preface I: Handouts

3. Preface II: Our Credentials • Practicing Engineers • Dan: satellite engineer; Brian: chemical engineer • Written specs/standards & overseen development • Accomplished Cyclists • Over 100k miles of year round, day/night arterial commuting • Diverse bike types, trips, solo & group riding • Veteran Cycling Advocates • CABO board members CA legislative and CBAC input • Helped cities & counties to develop bicycle master plans (BMP) DC • On-bike Video Technology Pioneers • Custom hardware (bike/camera rig) & video editing techniques • Created new cycling skills for stable helmet camera video • Experienced Traffic Cycling Educators • League Certified Instructors (LCIs) • Developed novel training materials/methods to exploit video

4. Overview • Top Level Policies/Goals • Cycling Behavior Spectrum • Bicycle Driver Behavior Importance • Crash Risk vs Cyclist Behavior • The 6Es of Bicycling Support • Inclusive Planning/Engineering

5. Overview • Key Level Policies/Goals • Cycling Behavior Spectrum • Driver Behavior Importance • Crash Risk vs Cyclist Behavior • The 6Es of Bicycling Support • Inclusive Planning/Engineering Will fix later

6.  CA Blueprint for Bicycling and Walking • Topic III. INTEGRATING BICYCLING …: “Attaining the Blueprint’s goals depends on successful integration of bicycling … into all programs and projects that affect existing and proposed transportation systems.” • Topic III. INTEGRATING BICYCLING …; D. Strategic Objectives; 6. Increased Professional Education: “Bicycle … issues should be integrated into mainstream engineering, landscape architecture, and planning programs. Curricula for transportation and land use must present … bicycling as normal, expected, efficient, and desirable modes. Continuing education for professionals in related fields should be encouraged.”

7.  CA Vehicle Code – Access • Where can bicyclists legally operate • CVC 21200 – Bicyclists have the same rights and duties as other drivers to follow the rules of the road. • CVC 21 – Requires statewide uniformity of the CVC; allowing deviations when “expressly authorized” by code sections • Thus bicyclists may and do operate on all roads open to motorized traffic, except… • Only CVC “express authority” to prohibit or restrict access • CVC 21960 – Caltrans & Local Agencies may prohibit or restrict bicycling on freeways or expressways. • Default CVC Restriction with option to permit access • CVC 23330 – Toll Bridges/Highways (by Caltrans)

8.  Streets & Highways Code • Section 888 The department shall not construct a state highway as a freeway that will result in the severance or destruction of an existing major route for nonmotorized transportation traffic …, unless it provides a reasonable, safe, and convenient alternate route or such a route exists. M O’Mara 5/9/2010 recommend … a photo illustrating each code section to minimize reading pure text.

9.  Streets & Highways Code • Section 888.2 The department shall also incorporate nonmotorized transportation facilities in the design of freeways on the state highway system along corridors where nonmotorized facilities do not exist, … , which shall primarily benefit bicyclists rather than other highway users. M O’Mara 5/9/2010 A photo of a bike path or a shoulder open to bicyclists within a freeway right of way would be good for this section.

10.  DD-64-R1 Key Concepts • Intent: To ensure that travelers of all ages and abilities can move safely and efficiently along and across a network of “complete streets.” • Complete Street: A transport facility (rural, suburban, and urban) that is planned, designed, operated, and maintained to provide safe mobility for bicyclists, appropriate to the function and context of the facility. • Duties of State and Local Agencies: To provide for the safety and mobility needs of all who have legal access to the transportation system. Picture of relevant facility Picture of relevant facility

11.  US DOT Policy Statement I • Full Title: United States Department of Transportation Policy Statement on Bicycle and Pedestrian Accommodation Regs and Recommendations • Policy Statement: • Incorporate safe and convenient bicycling facilities into transportation projects. • Every transportation agency has the responsibility to improve conditions for bicycling and integrate it into their transportation systems. • Transportation agencies are encouraged to go beyond minimum standards to provide safe & convenient facilities for these modes. [This does not mean violating standards, it refers to widths and other minimum quantities] Picture of relevant facility Picture of relevant facility

12.  US DOT Policy Statement II • Recommended Actions (CA Relevant): • Considering bicycling as equal with other transportation modes • Ensure transportation choices for people of all ages & abilities, especially children • Going beyond minimum design standards • Integrating bicycle accommodation on new, rehabilitated, and limited-access bridges • Collecting data on walking and biking trips • Setting mode share targets for bicycling and tracking them over time • Improving nonmotorized facilities during maintenance projects Picture of relevant facility Picture of relevant facility

13. Overview • Top Level Policies/Goals • Cycling Behavior Spectrum • Driver Behavior Importance • Crash Risk vs Cyclist Behavior • The 6Es of Bicycling Support • Inclusive Planning/Engineering

14.  Why Behavior Matters • Complete Street for bicycling: A transportation facility, planned, designed, operated, and maintained to provide safe mobility for bicyclists • How to plan/design for safe mobility for bicyclists? • Safe mobility depends on bicyclist behavior • Law allows multiple highway mobility behaviors • Bicyclist behavior can described as a spectrum (see next slide)

15. Cycling Behavior Spectrum Edge Behavior Driver Behavior Pedestrian Behavior Individual Cycling Behavior (paved public facilities)

16. Driver Behavior Rights and Duties as Replacement for clip • Behave as “bicycle drivers” by integrating with road traffic • Obey driver rules: with flow, pass on left, lane control, optional sharing

17. Driver Behavior – Facilities Pictures of Travel Lanes/Turn Lanes Bicycle Boulevard Shared Lane Marking or Sharrow Should we add bicyclist lane position slide Primary, Secondary – Now Driver and Edge

18. Edge Behavior • Ride near the pavement edge, to the right of motorized traffic • Special far to right/bike lane rules, pass on right, use of ped areas Add additional clips of Hybrid behavior NB and Cyclist with kid carrier on Sand Cyn and Guides Riding at edge in LB

19. Edge Behavior – Facilities Pictures of WOL Shoulders Bike Lanes

20. Pedestrian Behavior Add additional clips of Pedestrian behavior • Behave as “rolling peds” on sidewalks, paths; avoid roadways • Follow ped rules: will face traffic, expect priority in crosswalks, etc.

21. Pedestrian Behavior – Facilities Pictures of Side-Path Shared Use Path Sidewalk

22. Overview • Cycling Behavior Spectrum • Driver Behavior Importance • Crash Risk vs Cyclist Behavior • The 6Es of Bicycling Support • Inclusive Planning/Engineering

23.  Driver Behavior Importance • Same RoadsAccess toalldestinations • Same Rights To use travel lanes as other drivers • Same RulesPredictable, low risk traffic movements • Gives cyclists the same benefits as other drivers: Emphasize road network. Bicyclists use all streets: Designated Routes Mindset • Over a century of US bicycle driving heritage • Bicyclists have driver rights in all 50 states, yet few realize this fact • Driver rights in place since Eno’s first traffic laws for NYC in 1903!

24.  Bicycle Driver Principle Cyclists have Driver Rights and Duties by law (21200) and should Actand beTreated as Drivers on Public Roads

25.  To Act as a Driver Cyclists must learn:Traffic Skills 1. Bike Control 2. Rule Compliance 3. Lane Position 4. Hazard Avoidance 5. Injury Reduction