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Animal Science

Animal Science. Skeletal System. Function Provides frame and support for all systems and organs. Cartilage Firm, flexible tissues that is not as hard as bone. Skeletal System. Bone Attach muscles Means of movement Protect internal organs Storage of minerals. Skeletal System.

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Animal Science

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  1. Animal Science

  2. Skeletal System • Function • Provides frame and support for all systems and organs. • Cartilage • Firm, flexible tissues that is not as hard as bone

  3. Skeletal System • Bone • Attach muscles • Means of movement • Protect internal organs • Storage of minerals

  4. Skeletal System • Layers of Bone • Periosteum • Outer layer • Cushions the hard portion of the bone • Repair of broken bones

  5. Skeletal System • Layers of Bone • Compact Bone • beneath periosteum • layer of hard mineral matter • Calcium • gives bones strength

  6. Skeletal System • Layers of Bone • Spongy Bone • Inside hard outer layer • fills ends of bones • lines hollow portions

  7. Skeletal System • Layers of Bone • Red marrow • inside cavities of spongy bone • formation of red blood cells

  8. Skeletal System • Layers of Bone • Yellow marrow • Located inside hollow portion • Fat storage cells • Energy storage

  9. Skeletal System • Types of Bone • Long Bones • Longest • Provide support and movement • Levers • Example -- legs, ribs, pelvic bones

  10. Skeletal System • Types of Bone • Short Bones • Smaller than long • Joints • Comfort and mobility • Example -- feet and hands

  11. Skeletal System • Types of Bone • Irregular Bones • Have an irregular shape • Support and protect • Example -- vertebrae

  12. Skeletal System • Types of Bone • Flat Bones • Thin and flat • Protect organs • Example -- skull

  13. Skeletal System • Joints • Where different bones meet • Ligaments • Connect bones together; tough tissue

  14. Skeletal System • Joints • Classified by the way they move.

  15. Hinge Joint

  16. Ball and Socket

  17. Gliding

  18. The Skeleton • The skeleton is divided into two parts: • The axial skeleton protects the major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems • The axial skeleton consists of the skull, hyoid bones, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum • The appendicular skeleton is the framework that consists of the extremities, shoulder, and pelvic girdle • Appen means to add or hang • The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the front and hind limbs

  19. The Axial Skeleton • The cranium is the portion of the skull that encloses the brain

  20. The Axial Skeleton • The vertebral column supports the head and body and provides protection for the spinal cord • The vertebral column is comprised of individual bones called vertebra

  21. The Appendicular Skeleton • Front limb • scapula • clavicle • humerus • radius • ulna • carpal bones • metacarpal bones • cannon bone in livestock • phalanges

  22. The Appendicular Skeleton • Hind limb • pelvis • femur • patella • tibia • fibula • tarsal bones • metatarsal bones • cannon bone in livestock • phalanges

  23. Circulatory System • Function • Transports • Water • Oxygen • Wastes • Regulates temperature • Removes disease

  24. Circulatory System • Heart • Center of the circulatory system • Large muscle • Pumpscontinuously

  25. Circulatory System • Blood Vessels • Arteries • Vessels that take blood away from the heart • Veins • Vessels that return blood to the heart

  26. Circulatory System • Capillaries • Connect arteries and veins • Deliver nutrients to the cells • Take away waste

  27. Circulatory System • Red Blood cells • Give blood color • Carry oxygen • White Blood cells • Destroy disease • Pus

  28. Circulatory System • Four Chambers • Right Atrium • Receives blood into heart from body, from veins • Right Ventricle • Pumps blood out to the lungs • Left Atrium • Receives blood into heart from lungs • Left Ventricle • Pumps blood out into body via arteries

  29. Lungs Veins Right Atrium Left Atrium Left Ventricle Right Ventricle Arteries

  30. Respiratory System • Function: • Takes oxygen from the air • Places it in the bloodstream • Removes carbon dioxide

  31. Respiratory System • Structures • Nostrils • Large amounts of air • Nasal Chamber • Mouth • Brings in air

  32. Respiratory System • Structures • Pharynx • Passageway for • Food • Water • Air • Controlled by epiglottis

  33. Respiratory System • Larynx • Voice box (Adam’s apple) • Prevents material from entering lungs. • Trachea • Large tube • Made of rigid cartilaginous rings

  34. Respiratory System • Bronchi • Branch out further • Lungs • Gas exchange

  35. Respiratory System • Alveoli • Surrounded by blood vessels • Carbon dioxide is removed from blood • Oxygen is absorbed into blood

  36. Respiratory System • Diaphragm • Large muscle under the lungs • When contracted, rib cage expands and air comes in • When the diaphragm relaxes, air is forced out

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