Animal Science
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Animal Science. By: Johnny M. Jessup Agriculture Teacher/FFA Advisor. What is Animal Science?. Care, management, and production of domestic animals. Animals used for food, clothing, weapons, and tools Today’s animal science includes biotechnology, genetics, and behavior research.
Animal Science
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Presentation Transcript
Animal Science By: Johnny M. Jessup Agriculture Teacher/FFA Advisor
What is Animal Science? • Care, management, and production of domestic animals. • Animals used for food, clothing, weapons, and tools • Today’s animal science includes biotechnology, genetics, and behavior research
Domestication • What was the first domesticated animal? • Dog for tracking and then herding • After animals became domesticated, they become dependent on man.
Domestication • Most cannot survive in the wild. • Most poultry can not fly, but why? • They are bred for size which makes them incapable of flight. • Turkeys • Chickens • Some species have their wings clipped at birth • Ducks • Geese
Food Work Medicine Research Clothing Recreation Companionship Security Uses for Animals
Uses for Animals • What types of animals are used for meat? • Cattle (Beef & Veal) • Swine (Pork) • Lamb • Goat • Poultry
Uses for Animals • Milk – inexpensive source of protein • Produced by dairy cows & goats • Cheese, ice cream, and yogurt • Did you know that over 90% of U.S. milk production comes from the Holstein breed? • What is another protein source that is produced by animals? • Eggs
Uses for Animals • What are some areas in which we use animals for work? • Cultivate land • Transportation • Control other animals • Assist physically & mentally handicapped • Blind
Uses for Animals • Medicine & Research • Animal Behaviors • Genetic Tests • Organs • Future treatment research
Uses of Animals • Clothing • Hides • Leather • Fibers • Wool • Mohair • Silk
Uses of Animals • Recreation • Horseback Riding • Racing • Zoos
Uses of Animals • Companionship • Pets • Assist with the sick and elderly
Uses of Animals • Security • Guard dogs • Eliminating pests • Ex.-Cats • Romans used geese to guard the gates of Rome
Uses of Animals • By Products • Bone • Buttons • Glue • Minerals supplements for feed • Fat • Cooking Oil • Cream • Soap • Makeup
What does the future hold? • Improved Efficiency • Genetically modified organisms • More Cloning • ?????
The Beef Industry • #1 red meat production industry in the United States. • Americans eat about 96lb of red meat per year. • Many by-products are produced from cattle such as: gelatin, leather, & soap.
Beef Cattle Operations • Purebred Breeders • Cattle of a single breed are raised. • Cow-calf Operations • Produce feeder calves for slaughter cattle producers. • Slaughter-cattle (Feedlot) • Buy calves from cow-calf operators and raise them until they reach slaughter weight.
English Breeds • Cattle breeds developed in the British Isles (mostly Northern England & Scotland). • Excellent grazers of native grasses.
Angus • Black breed • Known for excellent meat quality. • Marbling
Hereford • Red with white face • Originated in the British Isles. • Imported into the United States by Henry Clay in 1817. • Gained acceptance after the 1883 Chicago Fat Stock Show.
Shorthorn • Red, White, or roan (mix of red and white) coat. • Excellent milking capability. • Been used in the bloodlines of more than 30 recognized breeds.
Galloway • Ancient breed which derived its name from the Gauls of the Scottish Lowlands. • Polled • Long, curly hair • Performs well on poor land with coarse grasses.
Devon • One of the oldest breeds in existence. • Brought to SW England by the Phoenicians as they explored for tin. • Romans wrote about them in 55 BC. • 1st purebred to reach North America. • Known as the “Red Rubies”
Red Poll • Polled cattle who are red in color. • Developed as a dual purpose breed in England. • Believed to have come about from crossing Galloways and Devons.
Exotic Breeds of Beef Cattle
Exotic Breeds • Imported into the United States when consumers started demanding leaner meat. • Exotic breeds have calves that grow faster than English breeds.
Charolais • White to light blonde in color; pink skin. • Large & very well muscled • Originated in France.
Limousin • Light yellow color with lighter circles around eyes. • Lean carcasses with large loin eye area. • Small head with short neck. • Originated in France.
Simmental • White to light straw faces, with dark red bodies. • With to light straw faces, with dark red bodies. • Most popular breed in Europe.
Blonde D’ Aquitaine • Covered with short light colored hair. • Well muscled breed that developed in southwestern France. • Forehead and muzzle are broad, the face triangular.
Maine Anjou • Very red with white markings across the body. • Originated in northwestern France. • Large, very well muscled cattle.
Brahman • Light or medium gray coat color. • Characteristic “hump” over shoulder. • Large, drooping ears and loose skin. • Developed in southwestern USA. • Used mostly for crossbreeding.
American Breeds • Developed to withstand the heat and resistance to disease and parasites in the South and Southwest. • American breeds resulted from crossing Brahman cattle from India with English breeds. • The result was increased heat tolerance and disease and parasite of Brahman and the meat quality of the English breeds.
Beefmaster • Developed in Texas in the 20th century. • Approximately ½ Brahman and ¼ Hereford & Shorthorn respectively. • Selection based on the 6 essentials: Weight, Conformation, Milking Ability, Fertility, Hardiness and Disposition
Brangus • Solid black or red in color. • Polled. • Good mothering ability & feed efficiency. • A result of a cross of Brahman and Angus.
Santa Gertrudis • Developed on the King Ranch in Texas • All Santa Gertrudis are descendants of the bull, Monkey • They were created by crossing shorthorn cows and Brahman bulls.
Barzona • Red cattle with occasional white markings. • Developed in Arizona in the 20th century to deal with the extremely hot, drought ridden, rocky terrain.
The Dairy Industry • Second most important animal enterprise in the United States in dollar sales. • Consumption of milk and dairy products is steady now after years of decline. • Average Americans use more than 580 lb of dairy products annually.
The Dairy Industry • Milk production is not the only income-generating part of dairy production. • Calves not needed as replacements for the dairy herd are sold as veal. • Cows no longer profitable are sold for beef.
Breeds of Dairy Cattle
Holstein • Black & White • Highest average producer of milk. • Comprises 90% of all dairy cattle in the U.S. • Made the most genetic improvement in recent years.
Jersey • Light Brown • 2nd most popular breed of dairy cattle. • Smallest of the dairy breeds. • Rank #1 in butterfat production.
Guernsey • Reddish brown with white underside. • Originated on the Isle of Guernsey in the English Channel. • Produces a yellowish milk due to the high beta carotene content.
Ayrshire • Red & White • Developed in Scotland in the county of Ayr. • Used to be known for it horns, but most calves are polled now.
Brown Swiss • Brown with a light dorsal stripe down its back. • Originated in Switzerland. • Only been recognized as registered breed since 1906.
