Proposals and Formal Reports

1. Ch. 10-1 Chapter 10 Proposals and Formal Reports

2. Ch. 10-2 Introduction must provide "hook" to capture reader's interest. Background section identifies problems and goals of project. Proposal discusses plan for solving existing problem. Organizing Proposals

3. Ch. 10-3 Staffing section describes credentials and expertise of project leaders. Budget indicates project costs. Authorization asks for approval to proceed. Organizing Proposals

4. Ch. 10-4 Print Resources Books Periodicals Bibliographic indexes (print, CD-ROM, and Web-based) Researching Secondary Data

5. Ch. 10-5 Electronic Databases Magazine, newspaper, and journal articles Newsletters, business reports,company profiles, government data, reviews, and directories Researching Secondary Data

6. Ch. 10-6 The Web Product data, mission statements, staff directories, press releases, current company news, government information, article reprints, scientific reports, and employment information Researching Secondary Data

7. Ch. 10-7 Use two or three search tools. Understand the importance of case sensitivity in keyword searches. Understand the AND/OR default and the significance of quotation marks. Prefer uncommon words as search terms. Omit articles and prepositions. How to Become a Savvy Web Researcher

8. Ch. 10-8 Use wild cards (e.g., cent** will retrieve center and centre). Know your search tool; use FAQs and "How to Search" sections. Bookmark the best. Be persistent. How to Become a Savvy Web Researcher

9. Ch. 10-9 Direct strategy (main ideas first) Indirect strategy (facts and discussion first) Chronological sequence (historical data) Geographical or spatial arrangement (e.g., East, West, South, North, etc.) Organizing Report Data

10. Ch. 10-10 Topical or functional arrangement (e.g., duties of CEO, duties of general manager, etc.) Compare and contrast Journalistic pattern (who, what, when, where, why, how) Organizing Report Data

11. Ch. 10-11 Value/size Importance (most to least or least to most) Simple to complex Best case/worst case Organizing Report Data

12. Ch. 10-12 Reasons for using visual aids To clarify data To summarize important ideas To emphasize facts and provide focus To add visual interest Illustrating Report Data

13. Ch. 10-13 Most common types of visuals aids Tables Charts Graphs Photographs, maps, illustrations Illustrating Report Data

14. Ch. 10-14 Table To show exact figures and values Bar Chart To compare one item with others Line Chart To demonstrate changes in quantitative data over time Matching Visual Aids With Objectives

15. Ch. 10-15 Pie Chart To visualize a whole unit and the proportions of its components Flow Chart To display a process or procedure Organization Chart To define a hierarchy of elements or a set of relationships Matching Visual Aids With Objectives

16. Ch. 10-16 Photograph To achieve authenticity Map To spotlight a location Illustration To show an item in use Matching Visual Aids With Objectives

17. Ch. 10-17 Tips for Effective Use of Visual Aids Choose an appropriate visual aid to illustrate your objective. Clearly identify the contents of the visual aid with a meaningful title and appropriate labels. Refer the reader to the visual aid by discussing it in the text and mentioning its location and figure number.

18. Ch. 10-18 Locate the visual aid close to its reference in the text. Strive for vertical placement of visual aids. Give credit to the source if appropriate. Tips for Effective Use of Visual Aids

19. Ch. 10-19 Prefatory Parts Title page Letter of authorization Letter of transmittal Table of contents Executive summary, abstract, synopsis, or epitome Parts of a Formal Report

20. Ch. 10-20 Body of Report Introduction or background Discussion of findings Summary, conclusions, recommendations Supplementary Parts Footnotes or endnotes Bibliography Appendix Parts of a Formal Report

21. Ch. 10-21 End