1. Traffic Safety TS4273 Traffic Engineering

5. SPEED REALLY DOES KILL

9. WHO DOES SPEED KILL

10. WHERE DOES SPEED KILL

11. HOW DOES SPEED KILL

15. DID YOU KNOW? • 80% of motorcycle crashes kill or injure rider. • While 20% of car crashes kill or injure a vehicle occupant.

16. The First Road Traffic Accident! • The first recorded Road Traffic Accident was Bridget Driscoll in London, August 17th.1896. • The Coroner stated that it was easily avoidable and should never happen again. • It Has… Over 25 million times!

17. What is an Accident? • Up until 1650 an accident was seen as either Witchcraft or Gods will. • It was then that social science began by recording births, deaths & later marriages.

18. Traffic Safety • Safety is the condition in which the risk of harm or damage is limited to an acceptable level • State of mind that make people Thinking, Acting, Behave in such way to minimizing the exposure to danger.

19. Dampak Kecelakaan Transportasi Darat • GLOBAL • Korban meninggal dunia rata-rata 1 juta jiwa per tahun (1,200,000 persons per year  10 jumbo jet crashes per day!) • 75% terjadi di negara berkembang • Kerugian mencapai 2% GDP (US$ 100 Milyar)

20. Dampak Kecelakaan Transportasi Darat • NASIONAL • Korban meninggal dunia rata-rata 30 jiwa per hari • Kerugian sekitar US$ 3,5 Milyar sekitar 2,17% GDP Indonesia

21. CRIME vs. CRASH CLOCK(2002) Crime/Crash Clock 1 murderevery 32 minutes 1 fatality every 12 minutes 1 injuryevery 16 seconds 1 aggravated assaultevery 35 seconds 1 violent crimeevery 22 seconds 1 crashevery 5 seconds

22. Death and Traffic Accidents

23. Top 10 Leading Causes of Death taken from Runge’s slide

24. Fatality Rate 100 Million Passenger-Miles in Transport in the United States

25. Prime Cause of Road Accidents

26. Americans Killed in Combat vs.Motor Vehicle Fatalities Americans Killed in Combat vs Motor Vehicle Fatalities - Breakdown

27. Americans Killed in Combat vs.Motor Vehicle Fatalities Americans Killed in Combat vs Motor Vehicle Fatalities – Big picture 3,070,189 620,219 (225 years) (100 years)

28. Cars and Weapons! • Cars have killed more people since their invention than all the wars and conflicts put together – including both World Wars!

29. General Road Accident Statistics in Malaysia

30. Statistics Road Accidents in Malaysia (2005)

31. Causes of Traffic accidents in Malaysia • Combination of traffic composition • Improper intersection design • Provision of street lightning • High traffic volume • Provision of pedestrian crossing • Signal light • Vehicle speed

32. Statistical Report Road Accident, Royal Malaysian Police. 2005

33. Statistical Report Road Accident, Royal Malaysian Police. 2005

34. Fatality Model and Safety Target in Malaysia

35. Predictive Model of Yearly Traffic Deaths

36. Approaches used in Road Safety Programmes • Accident Preventions (proactive action) • Accident Reduction (reactive action) • Improvement of hazardous location • Motorcycle lane • Paving of road shoulder • Improvement of dangerous curve

37. Approaches used in Road Safety Programmes • Pedestrian crossing • Overtaking lane • Street lighting • Road Maintenance • Road Maintenance • Building New Road

38. Fatalities per 10.000 Vehicles

39. Profil Jumlah Kendaraan di Indonesia Tahun 1990 - 2003

40. Profil Kecelakaan Jalan di Indonesia Tahun 1990 - 2003

41. Profil Kecelakaan Jalan di Indonesia Tahun 1990 - 2003

42. Profil Kecelakaan Jalan di Indonesia Tahun 1990 - 2003

44. Faktor Penyebab Kecelakaan di Indonesia • Pengguna Jalan (lengah, mabuk, ngebut, jarak terlalu dekat, penyeberang jalan, hewan)  93,52% • Jalan (persimpangan, marka/rambu tidak jelas, permukaan licin)  3,23% • Kendaraan (ban pecah, rem blong, kemudi dan lampu tidak berfungsi)  2,76% • Lingkungan (mix traffic, pengawasan dan penegakan hukum, cuaca)  0,49%

45. The Weak Link! Millions of dollars are spent every year on safer car design and car safety systems. Millions of dollars are spent every year on safer road designs Only a few hundred dollars is spent on the most important factor…THE DRIVER!

46. Age – the younger driver • Limited skills • Sense of overconfidence • Younger drivers tend to drive faster, drive at night, and drive while drunk. • After the first year of driving, young drivers have acquired the basic control skills of driving but not the tactical and strategic judgment needed for safe driving.

47. Age – the older driver • Information-processing impairments • Slower response time • A more restricted field of attention • Reduced time-sharing abilities • Reduced visual capacity, especially at night • Older drivers compensate by driving more slowly and by not driving at night. • Older drivers drive less safely at the control level but can compensate with appropriate choices at the tactical and strategic levels.

49. The Impaired Driver • Alcohol • Involved in approximately 50% of fatal highway accidents in the U.S. • With blood alcohol content as low as 0.05%, drivers react more slowly, are poorer at tracking, are less effective at time-sharing, and show impaired information processing. • One of the most effect interventions may be social norming. • Fatigue has roughly the same effect as alcohol.

50. Impairment interactions • A combination of fatigue, alcohol, and age can combine to degrade driving performance • The presence of passengers may be distracting and encourage risky behavior. • A young person driving with friends at night and after drinking is an extremely dangerous combination.