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Bellringer

Bellringer. If we applied kinetic-molecular theory to liquids and solids, how would you re-word the three basic assumptions of the theory?. Liquids and Solids. Objectives: 1. State the kinetic theory of matter. 2. Use the kinetic theory to explain states of matter.

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Bellringer

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  1. Bellringer If we applied kinetic-molecular theory to liquids and solids, how would you re-word the three basic assumptions of the theory?

  2. Liquids and Solids Objectives: 1. State the kinetic theory of matter. 2. Use the kinetic theory to explain states of matter.

  3. The Kinetic-Molecular Theory • Def. (again!): describes the behavior of gases in terms of particles in motion • Can be applied to liquids and solids; however, you must also consider the forces of attraction between the particles. (What kind of forces are these?)

  4. Liquids • Like gases, liquids take the shape of their container. • Unlike gases, the attractive (intermolecular) forces keep the particles closely packed (given liquids a fixed volume).

  5. Behavior of Liquids: • Can liquids and gases of the same substance have the same temperature? • Density and Compression: • Density of liquids is much greater than that of gases, AT THE SAME TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE. • Since KE (and temperature) is the same, what can account for the difference in density? • Liquids CAN be compressed, but not very much. Why not?

  6. Behavior of Liquids: • Fluidity: ability to flow • Both gases and liquids are considered fluids. Why? • Can a liquid diffuse? • Which is more fluid, a gas or a liquid? • Viscosity: a liquid’s resistance to flow • What do you think would affect (increase) a liquid’s viscosity?

  7. Behavior of Liquids: • Surface tension: • Def: the energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid by a given amount • Particles in the middle of a liquid can be attracted to particles to the side, above, and below them. What about the particles at the surface? • The stronger the intermolecular forces, the greater the surface tension.

  8. Water Domes Mini-Lab • See how many drops of water you can get on the penny. (Drops must free fall!!!) • Dry off the penny and build a 20-drop water dome on it. • If you poke it with a clean, dry pin, does this break the cohesive (attractive) bonds b/t water molecules? • Dip the pin in liquid soap and poke the water dome. What happens? • How does soap affect surface tension? Propose an explanation for WHY.

  9. Solids • According to kinetic-molecular theory, the kinetic energy of a mole of a solid substance is the SAME as a mole of the same liquid substance AT THE SAME TEMPERATURE. • So why does the solid have a definite shape and volume? Answer: Strong intermolecular forces in the solid limit the motion of the particles to “vibrations around fixed locations”.

  10. Solids, continued…… • How does density of a solid usually compare to that of the same liquid? • Can solids be compressed? • Are solids fluid?

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