1. Forgetting

2. Encoding Failure

3. Encoding Failure • We fail to encode the information. • It never has a chance to enter our LTM.

4. Test Your Memory Which is the real penny?

5. Storage Decay • Even if we encode something well, we can forget it. • Without rehearsal, we forget thing over time. • Ebbinghaus’s forgetting curve.

6. Ebbinghaus’s Forgetting Curve

7. Retrieval Failure • The memory was encoded and stored, but sometimes you just cannot access the memory.

8. Types of Retrieval Failure Proactive Interference • The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information. If you call your new girlfriend your old girlfriend’s name.

9. Types of Retrieval Failure Retroactive Interference • The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information. When you finally remember this years locker combination, you forget last years.

10. Motivated Forgetting • We sometimes revise our own histories. Honey, I did stick to my diet today!!!!!!

11. Motivated Forgetting Why does is exist? One explanation is REPRESSION: • in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings and memories from consciousness.

12. Forgetting

13. My Trip To Cheesecake Factory You go to the Cheesecake Factory for dinner. You are seated at a table with a white tablecloth. You study the menu. You tell the female server you want Avocado Egg Rolls, extra sauce, Roadslide Sliders, Thai Lettuce Wraps, and Chino-Latino Steak (medium). You also order a Cherry Coke from the beverage list. A few minutes later the server returns with your Avocado Egg Rolls. Later the rest of the meal arrives. You enjoy it all, except the Chino-Latino Steak is a bit overdone.

14. Cheesecake factory How did you order the steak? Was the red tablecloth checkered? What did you order to drink? Did a male server give you a menu?

15. Memory Construction • We sometimes alter our memories as we encode or retrieve them. • Your expectations, schemas, environment may alter your memories.

16. Misinformation Effect • Incorporating misleading information into one’s memory of an event. My parents told me for years I met Guidry. I have the memory- but it never happened!!!

17. Misinformation Effect Depiction of Accident

18. Misinformation Effect Leading Question: About how fats were the cars going when they smashed into each other?

19. Source Amnesia(Source Attribution) • Attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about or imagined.