How much can dissolve?

1. How much can dissolve?

2. How much can dissolve? • If you continue adding sugar to lemonade, eventually the point is reached when no more sugar dissolves and the excess granules sink to the bottom of the glass. • Solubility (sol yuh BIH luh tee) is the maximum amount of a solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature.

3. Comparing Solubilities • The amount of a substance that can dissolve in a solvent depends on the nature of these substances. • In one beaker, 1 g of solute A dissolves completely, but additional solute does not dissolve and falls to the bottom of the beaker

4. Comparing Solubilities • 1 g of solute B dissolves completely, and two more grams also dissolve before solute begins to fall to the bottom. • If the temperature of the water is the same in both beakers; you can conclude that substance B is more soluble than substance A.

5. Concentrations • A concentrated solution is one in which a large amount of solute is dissolved in the solvent. • A dilute solution is one that has a small amount of solute in the solvent.

6. Types of Solutions–Saturated • A saturated solution is a solution that contains all the solute it can hold at a given temperature. • An unsaturated solution is any solution that can dissolve more solute at a given temperature. • Each time a saturated solution is heated to a higher temperature, it becomes unsaturated.

7. Saturation • Generally, as the temperature of a liquid solvent increases, the amount of solid solute that can dissolve in it also increases. This table shows the amounts of a few solutes that can dissolve in 100 g of water at different temperatures, forming saturated solutions.

8. Solubility Curve • Each line on the graph is called a solubility curve for a particular substance. • You can use a solubility curve to figure out how much solute will dissolve at any temperature given on the graph.

9. Supersaturated Solutions • A supersaturated solution is one that contains more solute than a saturated solution at the same temperature. • Supersaturated solutions are unstable.

10. Supersaturated Sodium acetate • For example, if a seed crystal of sodium acetate is dropped into the supersaturated solution, excess sodium acetate crystallizes out

11. Energy Flow • As the supersaturated solution of sodium acetate crystallizes, the solution becomes hot. • Energy is given off as new bonds form between the ions and the water molecules

12. Energy Flow • Another result of solution energy is to reduce the temperature of the solution. • Some substances, such as ammonium nitrate, must draw energy from the surroundings to dissolve. • This is what happens when a cold pack is activated to treat minor injuries or to reduce swelling.