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The Activity Series. No, Ni is below Na. Yes, Li is above Zn. Yes, Al is above Cu. Yes, Fe is above Cu. We have looked at several reactions: Fe + CuSO 4 Cu + Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Li + H 2 O LiOH + H 2
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No, Ni is below Na Yes, Li is above Zn Yes, Al is above Cu Yes, Fe is above Cu We have looked at several reactions: Fe + CuSO4 Cu + Fe2(SO4)3 Li + H2O LiOH + H2 Such experiments reveal trends. The activity series ranks the relative reactivity of metals. It allows us to predict if certain chemicals will undergo single displacement reactions when mixed: metals near the top are most reactive and will displacing metals near the bottom. Q: Which of these will react? Fe + CuSO4 Ni + NaCl Li + ZnCO3 Al + CuCl2 Cu + Fe2(SO4)3 NR (no reaction) Zn + Li2CO3 Cu + AlCl3
cold H2O hot H2O H is the only nonmetal listed. H2 may be displaced from acids or can be given off when a metal reacts with H2O (producing H2 + metal hydroxide). The reaction with H2O depends on metal reactivity & water temp. Q: will Mg react with H2O? steam A: No for cold, yes if it is hot/steam Mg + H2O H2 + Mg(OH)2 acid Q: Zn + HCl H2 + ZnCl2 Complete these reactions: Al + H2O(steam) Cu + H2O Ca + H2SO4 Na + H2O H2 + Al(OH)3 NR H2 + CaSO4 H2 + NaOH
Other Activity Series Information • All metals will have a specific place in the activity series. For simplicity, only the most common metals are shown. • The metals near the top of the activity series are more reactive because their valence electrons are more easily removed. • On tests and exams the activity series may appear as K, Na, … Ag, Au; you must remember that K is reactive, Au is not. • If the valence of a metal is not indicated in the question, use its most common valence (in bold on your periodic table) to determine the correct chemical formula.
Mg + AgNO3 Ag+ Mg(NO3)2 Cu + AgNO3 Ag+ Cu(NO3)2 Zn + AgNO3 Ag+ Zn(NO3)2 AgNO3 Mg + H2SO4 H2 + MgSO4 Zn + H2SO4 H2 + ZnSO4 H2SO4 NR Mg+ Fe(NO3)3 Fe+ Mg(NO3)2 Zn+ Fe(NO3)3 Fe+ Zn(NO3)2 Fe(NO3)3 NR Mg + CuCl2 Cu + MgCl2 Zn + CuCl2 Cu + ZnCl2 CuCl2 NR