Vocabulary Essentials What Every Reader Needs to Know…

1. Vocabulary EssentialsWhat Every Reader Needs to Know… “Vocabulary is the engine that drives comprehension.” Linda Hoyt North Carolina Reading Conference 2009 Presentation Kelli

2. Studies show…4 year olds

3. Did You Know? • If students do not understand 5% of the words, they will have difficulty comprehending the text if they comprehend at all.

4. EOG Samples • (sentence in context) In which of the following sentences is the word ____ used the same way as in the sentence above? • (sentence in context) Which of the following definitions of _____ applies to this sentence? • In paragraph x, why are some words written in parenthesis?

5. Read • Ask questions • Take notes • What word from the selection best describes the list below? A research B biography C operations D incidents

6. Research says... • Students must encounter words in context 6 -10 times for long-term retention. • Students do not learn vocabulary through worksheets such as word searches and or by looking up words in the dictionary.

7. Research also says…

8. Effective Vocabulary Instruction… • Encourages multiple ways of thinking (visual, verbal, written, kinesthetic) • Uses student-friendly explanations, not definitions • Actively involves students • Facilitates TALK about words

9. Effective Vocabulary Instruction… • Provides multiple exposures to words • Teaches independent word-learning strategies • Makes connections between and among words • Focuses on fewer words in more depth (5-10 per week)

10. Develop Word Consciousness -An awareness of and interest in words and their meanings

12. Types of Vocabulary Listening Reading Speaking Writing

13. Vocabulary Knowledge Rating

15. Which Words? Tier 1 Basic Words clock baby happy Tier 2 High frequency words for mature language users coincidence forlorn industrious Tier 3 Low Frequency/Specific Domain isotope lathe peninsula photosynthesis Beck and McKeown

16. Which words? • Tier 2 Words • Academic Vocabulary – Marzano • Subject specific terms • Build academic background knowledge • EOG Words How Many Words? • 20-50 per subject (M, R, SS, Sc) • Cover others as needed • Around 200-400 words per year

17. Process for Identifying Words • Pull words from the SCoS. • Cross Reference to Bloom’s/Marzano’slists. • Consult other resources. • Textbooks • DPI Documents (esp. math) • EOG list of terms • Narrow each subject area to no more than 20-50 terms. Categorize as critical, useful, and interesting.

18. Monitoring Students’ Progress:Vocabulary Knowledge • Students know words to varying degrees • Three levels of word knowledge: Established Acquainted Unknown

19. Marzano’s 6 Step Process for Teaching New Words • Teacher provides a description, explanation or example. • Students restate #1 in their own words. • Students construct a picture, symbol or graphic representation of the term.

20. Six Step process… • Teacher engages students in activities that help them add to their knowledge of the terms in their notebooks. • Periodically, students discuss the terms with each other. • Students play games for review.

21. Vocabulary Notebooks Term: analyzeMy Understanding: 1 2 3 4 Describe:___________ to break apart…look at closely__________________________________________________________________ Draw:Connections: Analyze a math problem/car problem Analyze data

23. K. I. D. Vocabulary Linda Hoyt

24. Frayer Model/Four Square Non-fiction

25. John made a colossal mistake on his exam. gigantic is not small is large tiny is not is colossal is is not miniscule enormous Example Example Example Michael Jordan Mount Mitchell Mansion Non-Example Non-Example Non-Example Janet Allen Mugsy Boggs Caraway Mtn. My House

26. Degrees of Meaning • Select a word that has varying degrees of meaning. (mad) • Brainstorm or give students related words. (livid, angry, mad, upset, annoyed) • Students order the words from least meaning to the strongest meaning.

27. Teaching IndependentWord-Learning Strategies Model and help students learn . . . • how to determine the meaning of words based on their context • how to look up unknown words • how to read and understand a dictionary entry • how to recognize and use information about word parts to determine meaning

28. Teach Word Parts • 4 prefixes (un-, re-, in-, dis-) account for 58% of all words with prefixes. • 3 suffixes (s/es, ed, ing) account for 77% of words with suffixes.

30. Review Activities and Games Free Association Comparing TermsClassifying Terms Solving AnalogiesCreating Metaphors What is the question? Draw MeVocabulary Charades Name That Category Talk a Mile a Minute Vocabulary Jeopardy Card Games Bingo Web Games Marzano and others

31. Websites for Vocabulary • QUIA – Rags to riches • www.quia.com/rr/37717.html • Learn basic words from 189 topics and play games-matching, hangman, quizzes, word searches, crossword puzzles • http://www.vocabulary.co.il/ • ESL vocabulary Games • http://www.eslflow.com/games1.html • Tier 2 words? Curious, stampede – Definition given-swing to correct answer • http://www.fekids.com/kln/games/wordjungle/ • PBS site – word play – word pronounced and demonstrated • http://pbskids.org/lions/games/wordplay2.html

32. Remember . . . The difference between the almost right word and the right word is really a larger matter- “tis the difference between lightning and a lightning bug.” -Mark Twain Free powerpoint template: www.brainybetty.com

33. Primary Resources • Building Academic Vocabulary by Robert Marzano (ASCD) • Bringing Words to Life by Isabel Beck, Margaret McKeown, and Linda Kucan