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Alternative Water Supply Technologies

5. Alternative Water Supply Technologies. The New Green Building Hydrologic Cycle. Re-think use of potable water! Water sources: Traditional Potable Water Harvested Water Treatable Wastewater. Pages 41-43. The New Green Building Hydrologic Cycle. New Ways of Supplying and Reusing Water:

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Alternative Water Supply Technologies

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  1. 5 Alternative Water Supply Technologies

  2. The New Green Building Hydrologic Cycle • Re-think use of potable water! • Water sources: • Traditional Potable Water • Harvested Water • Treatable Wastewater Pages 41-43

  3. The New Green Building Hydrologic Cycle • New Ways of Supplying and Reusing Water: • Harvested Water • Treatable Wastewater Page 43

  4. How Alternative Systems Work • Rainwater Harvesting Systems Page 48

  5. How Alternative Systems Work • Greywater Treatment and Reuse Systems Pages 50-51

  6. How Alternative Systems Work • Blackwater Treatment and Sewer Mining Pages 52-54

  7. Wastewater Treatment: Basic Biology • Biological Materials: Pathogens • 3 Main types of Biological Digestion • Aerobic Processes • Anoxic Processes • Anaerobic Processes Pages 46-47

  8. Precautions with Reused Water • Ensuring reclaimed water is used safely and appropriately is extremely important • Be aware of potential cross-connections in plumbing systems • Install backflow prevention from nonpotable to potable systems Pages 54-55

  9. TEST YOURSELF: What are the three sources of harvested water? Where are they collected, and what can the water be used for? Describe greywater systems, and how the greywater is purified and used. What is the primary public health issue related to wastewater treatment? Describe the three main types of biological digestion, and what type of wastewater treatment they are appropriate for. What are the risks associated with reused water? What are the recommendations of the American Water Works Association (AWWA) in terms of backflow prevention?

  10. 6 Energy Savings

  11. Direct vs. Indirect Water Heating • Direct: Self-contained unit and energy is transmitted directly to heat the water • Indirect: Uses heat from secondary source to heat water

  12. Potable Water Heating: Direct-energy • Direct Energy Heating Equipment • Primary source to heat water • Storage water heaters • Condensing water heaters • Instantaneous water heaters Page 58

  13. Potable Water Heating: Indirect-energy • Indirect-energy Heating Equipment • Rely on external sources • Coil-in-tank • Shell-and-tube system • Tube-in-tube system Page 61

  14. Solar Energy Page 61

  15. Potable Water Heating • Solar Thermal “Wet” Systems • Energy from the sun used to heat a domestic water supply • Flat plate collectors • Evacuate tube collectors (direct-flow and heat-pipe) Page 64

  16. Potable Water Heating • Direct Circulation Systems • Cannot tolerate freezing temperatures • Drain-Back Systems • Must be sloped to ensure water drains to reservoir • Indirect Circulation Systems • Pumps circulate through a non-freezing heat transfer liquid Pages 66-67

  17. Potable Water Heating • Ground-Source Energy • Draw heat from the ground during winter • Deposit heat from indoor air during the summer • Primarily for homes • “Desuperheater” Page 67

  18. Cogeneration (CHP) Systems • Converts waste heat that accompanies electricity production into usable thermal energy • Microturbines Page 68

  19. Energy Recovery • Drain-Water Heat Recovery • Steam Condensate Heat Recovery • Condenser Heat Recovery Pages 70-72

  20. Special Issues in Retrofitting DHW Systems • Preheaters • Condensing Boilers/Water Heaters • Instantaneous Water Heaters • Circulation Balancing • Pipe Insulation Page 72

  21. TEST YOURSELF: Explain the differences between direct and indirect heating What are the issues to be aware of with instantaneous water heaters? What are the benefits and drawbacks of indirect-energy water heaters? Condensing boilers? Describe and compare direct flow and heat-pipe evacuated tube collectors. What is cogeneration? What are the benefits? What are the forms of energy recovery and how do they work?

  22. 7 Managing Green Projects

  23. Contractor and Subcontractor Roles • Many work practices, product specifications, and technologies are unique to a successful green building project • Be aware of what is involved to ensure conformance with the overall project requirements • Know how the building codes address new technologies Page 73

  24. Work Practices: Indoor Air Quality • Work practices must be followed to ensure sustainability goals and/or LEED certification • Low-VOC materials • Air sealing • Moisture control Page 74

  25. Work Practices: Construction & Demolition • Construction & Demolition Waste Management • Aim to recycle 50-95% of the total waste-stream • Sorting recyclable materials on site • Co-mingled waste sorted off-site Page 74

  26. LEED Documentation • LEED projects require additional documentation submitted to the USGBC/GBCI • Required LEED documentation primarily relates to IAQ and low-flow fixtures Page 75

  27. LEED Product Specifications • All information for documentation is found on product MSDS sheets • Need to ensure LEED certification for the project • Make sure new materials procured meet specified standards • Need to be reviewed by the sustainability coordinator Page 75

  28. Cost and Scheduling Issues • Work practices that may affect your schedule • Commissioning/building flush-out • Product documentation • Value engineering Page 76

  29. Commissioning • Coordination with commissioning agent (CxA) • Pre-functional and start-up testing of installed equipment • Building Flush-Out • Measuring air quality • Purge contaminants using a high exchange of inside air with fresh outside air • Done prior to or just at occupancy Flush out Page 76

  30. Value Engineering • Value Engineering • Generally occurs in the design phase before the plumber has a bid on the job • May be required to provide costing for proposed or determined changes • High probability of green elements being eliminated if the budget gets tight • Newer technologies are more expensive to install • Owners and engineers may see them as expendable Page 76

  31. Code Compliance • Needed changes to existing building codes may not have been made yet • Often no regulations regarding the use of rainwater or reused wastewater to supply bathrooms • Understand how new technologies and installation practices are or are not addressed by your local jurisdiction Page 77

  32. TEST YOURSELF: What are the indoor air quality work practices specific to plumbers that need to be followed to ensure sustainability? What work practices should the plumbing contractor be aware of in regards to commissioning? Explain the two forms of construction and demolition waste management: sorting and co-mingling.

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