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Cultural Foundations of the Americas Before 1492: Civilizations and Societies

This chapter explores the rich origins and diverse cultures of the Americas prior to 1492. It highlights the emergence of ancient civilizations such as the Olmecs, Mayans, Aztecs, and Incas, along with the various Amerindian groups like the Iroquois and Mississippian cultures. The chapter examines the major political and social characteristics, as well as the significant cultural achievements of these civilizations. Understanding these historical foundations is essential for appreciating the profound impact of later European contact and the dynamic history of the Western Hemisphere.

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Cultural Foundations of the Americas Before 1492: Civilizations and Societies

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  1. CHAPTER 12 • THE AMERICAS TO 1492

  2. Origins of Americas and Their Cultures • Since the late fifteenth century, the cultural diversity of the Western Hemisphere has been shaped by an influx of peoples from Europe, Asia, and Africa.

  3. Emerging Civilizations in Mesoamerica • The Formative Period • The Classical Period

  4. American Civilizations • The Mayans • The Postclassical Era • The Toltecs • The Aztecs • The Inca

  5. The Amerindians of North America • The Iroquois of the Northeast Woodlands • The Adena and Hopewell of the Ohio Valley • The Mississippian Culture • The Mogollon, the Hohokam, and the Anasazi of the Southwest • The Navajo, the Apache, and the Mandan • The Far North: Inuit and Aleut

  6. YOU SHOULD UNDERSTAND • The origins of Amerindian societies. • The major political and social characteristics of the Olmecs, Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas.

  7. YOU SHOULD UNDERSTAND • The diversity of the Amerindians of North America. • The cultural achievements of Amerindian civilizations.

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