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Do Now. How do maps model earth? What information do maps tell us?. Models of Earth. CHAPTER. 3. EXIT CHAPTER. 3.1 Modeling the Planet. 3.2 Mapmaking and Technology. 3.3 Topographic Maps. CHAPTER OUTLINE. 3.1 Modeling the Planet. Mercator Projection. CHAPTER. 3. CHAPTER HOME.

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Do Now

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  1. Do Now • How do maps model earth? • What information do maps tell us?

  2. Models of Earth CHAPTER 3 EXIT CHAPTER 3.1Modeling the Planet 3.2Mapmaking and Technology 3.3Topographic Maps CHAPTER OUTLINE

  3. 3.1Modeling the Planet Mercator Projection CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER HOME Models of Earth VOCABULARY A flat map of Earth is a convenient tool, but it can distort the shape, distance, and directions of different physical features. Different map projections are used to minimize distortion. map cartographer projection hemisphere Three common types of map projections are Mercator, equator prime meridian latitude longitude map scale SECTION OUTLINE

  4. 3.1Modeling the Planet Gnomonic Projection CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER HOME Models of Earth VOCABULARY A flat map of Earth is a convenient tool, but it can distort the shape, distance, and directions of different physical features. Different map projections are used to minimize distortion. map cartographer projection hemisphere Three common types of map projections are Mercator, equator gnomonic, prime meridian latitude longitude map scale SECTION OUTLINE

  5. 3.1Modeling the Planet Polyconic Projection CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER HOME Models of Earth VOCABULARY A flat map of Earth is a convenient tool, but it can distort the shape, distance, and directions of different physical features. Different map projections are used to minimize distortion. map cartographer projection hemisphere Three common types of map projections are Mercator, equator gnomonic, and polyconic. prime meridian latitude longitude map scale SECTION OUTLINE

  6. 3.1Modeling the Planet Latitude Longitude 90°N 60°N 30°N Equator 0° 90°W 90°E Prime Meridian 0° 60°W 30°W 30°E 60°E 30°S 60°S 90°S CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER HOME Models of Earth VOCABULARY On a map, horizontal lines show latitude, positions north and south of the equator. map cartographer projection Vertical lines show longitude, positions east and west of the prime meridian. hemisphere equator Map scales compare the size of the map with Earth’s surface. prime meridian latitude longitude map scale SECTION OUTLINE

  7. Do Now • How are maps made today? • How were maps made hundreds of years ago? • How has technology improved map making?

  8. Current Events in Earth Science

  9. Objective • Practice map reading skills with longitude and latitude to measure distance. • Develop an understanding of how GPS and GIS technology is used in map making.

  10. 3.2Mapmaking and Technology 97 128 151 Code 64 97 133 46 78 102 CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER HOME Models of Earth VOCABULARY Mapmaking techniques have dramatically changed over the past 60 years. The use of remote-sensing methods allows mapmakers to produce accurate maps of many places on Earth. radar false-color image The data collected is converted to code, then pixels. Software then coverts the pixels into usage images. Pixels A scanner on a satellite constantly records data from Earth’s surface. Instruments measure electromagnetic waves emitted by each object on Earth. Image SECTION OUTLINE

  11. 3.2Mapmaking and Technology CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER HOME Models of Earth VOCABULARY With the help of computers, cartographers use remote-sensing data to make detailed maps. radar false-color image Two important types of mapping systems that use remote-sensing data and computers are the global positioning system (GPS) and geographic information systems (GIS). Images produced using data from satellites are used in many areas of science and research. SECTION OUTLINE

  12. radar CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER HOME Models of Earth VOCABULARY radar false-color image A method of detecting distant objects and recording their features and properties by analysis of electromagnetic waves reflected from their surfaces. SECTION OUTLINE

  13. false-color image CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER HOME Models of Earth VOCABULARY radar false-color image A computer image that assigns distinctive colors to different wavelengths of light reflected from a distant object, delineating surface features; used frequently in satellite images of Earth from space. SECTION OUTLINE

  14. Wrap-Up • What different types of map projections are there? • How do you measure distance on a map? • With advances in technology, how have maps changed in the past 60 years?

  15. Do Now • What “markers” do we use to measure distance on a map? • How do we measure height or depth of the landscape on a map?

  16. 3.3Topographic Maps Index contour Contour line CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER HOME Models of Earth VOCABULARY Topographic maps show the physical features of an area, its topography. The maps indicate elevation and average slope by using contour lines. topographic map topograpy contour lines contour interval slope magnetic declination Contour lines show changes in elevation on this topographic map. SECTION OUTLINE

  17. 3.3Topographic Maps River Isobath Settled area CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER HOME Models of Earth VOCABULARY Different symbols and colors are used to indicate various features on topographic maps, including bodies of water and human-made structures. topographic map topograpy contour lines contour interval slope magnetic declination A topographic map of Portland, Maine shows various physical features of the area. SECTION OUTLINE

  18. topographic map CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER HOME Models of Earth VOCABULARY topographic map topograpy contour lines A map that uses contour lines and symbols to show the surface features of a particular area, including natural features like mountains, valleys, bodies of water, as well as human-made features like bridges, buildings, and roads. contour interval slope magnetic declination SECTION OUTLINE

  19. topography CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER HOME Models of Earth VOCABULARY topographic map topograpy contour lines All natural and human-made surface features of a particular area. contour interval slope magnetic declination SECTION OUTLINE

  20. Wrap Up • Name three new pieces of information you learned about maps from chapter three. • What types of map projections are there? • How has technology improved map making? • How do cartographers measure height or depth on maps?

  21. CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER HOME Models of Earth This is the end of the chapter presentation of lecture notes. Click the CHAPTER HOME button or exit the presentation.

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